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3.Parents often think that time spent with their kids will gradually decrease in adolescence.But a new study suggests that while teens try to avoid spending a lot of time together with their parents,private parent-child meetings may actually increase in their early adolescent years.And that may raise a teenager's self-esteem (自尊) and social confidence,especially if it is the time that spent with Dad,the researchers added.The researchers created a long-term study in which they invited families in 16school districts in central Pennsylvania to participate.In each family,a teenager,a younger sibling (兄弟姐妹),their mother and their father were interviewed at home and then asked about their activities and self-worth five times over a period of seven years.
The study authors were surprised to discover that when fathers spent more time alone with their teenagers,the kids reported they felt better about themselves.Something about the father's role in the family seemed to improve self-esteem among the teenagers in the study,said study co-author Susan McHale,a professor of human development at Pennsylvania State University.
"Time with Dad often involves joking,teasing,and other playful interactions.Fathers,compared to mothers,were more involved in leisure activities and had more peer-like interactions with their children,which is crucial for youth social development,"the study showed.But Marta Flaum,a psychologist in Chappaqua,New York,said,"How these findings reflect the real world is a real question.The sample in the study is so small and so unrepresentative of most families in the country today that I'm not sure how much we can generalize from it.In my community in Westchester County,I don't see parents and teenagers spend much time together at all.Parents are often working so hard and have less time to be together with their kids."
However,Flaum encourages parents to make time for their kids no matter how much work they have to do."Research like this reminds us of how important it is.The time we have with them is so short,"she said.

28.According to the study,when teenagers spend more time alone with their fathers,A.
A.their social skills will be improved
B.their fathers will better understand them
C.they will be willing to help their siblings
D.their family members will spend more time together
29.What is Flaum'attitude towards the findings of the study?C
A.Unconcerned       B.Favorable.C.Doubtful.D.Puzzled.
30.What does the underlined word"it"in the last paragraph refer to?D
A.The research by Susan McHale.
B.The work to be done.
C.Parents'encouragement.
D.The time parents spending together with their kids.
31.Where is the passage most likely to be taken from?B
A.Science magazine.B.A news report.C.A research plan.D.An advertisement.

分析 本文主要通过一系列的研究调查显示与父亲多相处的青少年能够提高自尊心和自信.

解答 28.A.细节题.根据第一段最后一句"And that may raise a teenager's self-esteem(自尊) an social confidence,especially if it is time spent with Dad"以及第四段的第二句"had more friend-like interactions with their children,which is crucial for youth social development"可知,青少年多和父亲单独相处,他们的社交能力会提高.故选A
29.C 细节题.根据第五段的第二句"The sample in the study is so small and  so unrepresentative of more families in the country today that I'm not sure how much we can generalizing from it."和第三句"In my community,in Westchester County,I don't see parents and teenagers spending much time together at all."可知,Flaum认为这项研究结果不能代表大多数美国家庭,她居住的社区里父母没有时间和孩子们相处.由此可以判断,她对这项研究结果持怀疑态度.结合选项,故选C
30.D 细节题.根据第六段第一句"However,Flaum encourages parents tom make time for their kids"以及最后一句"The time we have with them is so short"可知,此处it指代的应是父母留给与孩子相处的时间.故选D
31.B 推理题.分析选项A science magazine科学杂志; A news report新闻报道;A research plan调查计划;an advertisement广告.文章报道了一项最新研究结果,即和父亲多相处的青少年能够提高自尊心和自信.这类文章最可能出现在新闻报道.结合选项,故选B

点评 本文是人物故事类阅读理解.做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据

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