Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words, and we should be able to know where most words come from.
Sometimes, however, no one may know really where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham( 火腿 )? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburger. They didn’t speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef, they asked the Germans what it was. The Germans did not understand the question and answered. “We came from Hamburger.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round pieces of beef like what the men from Hamburger ate. Then he put them between two pieces of bread and started selling them. Today “ hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world.
Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. The reason may be found in any large English dictionary.
【小题1】According to the writer, English ______.
| A．is as old as Chinese | B．is not so old as Chinese |
| C．is older than German | D．is very difficult to learn |
| A．few Americans like hamburgers |
| B．hamburgers are made with beef |
| C．hamburgers are made with ham |
| D．hamburgers were sold all over the world about a century ago |
| A．Where all the new words come from |
| B．Where those Germans came from |
| C．The reason why any word has a certain meaning. |
| D．The reason why English is spoken around the world |
| A．China because it has a long history |
| B．England because Germans don’t speak good English |
| C．the round pieces of beef those people from Hamburger brought to America |
| D．English speakers because they always create new words |
【小题1】B
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】C
解析试题分析：本文介绍英语中的词汇的来历，举了汉堡包的例子，说明我们可以了解一些单词的来历是很有趣的事情。
【小题1】细节题：从第一段的句子：Although English is not as old as Chinese,可知英语没有汉语那么古老。选B
【小题2】细节题：从第二段的：One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round pieces of beef like what the men from Hamburger ate.可知汉堡包原来是牛肉做的。选B
【小题3】细节题：从最后一段的句子：The reason may be found in any large English dictionary.可知选 C
【小题4】细节题：从第二段举的例子可知汉堡包来自于从Hamburger 来的人带到美国的牛肉。选C
考点：考查文化类短文
点评：这篇文章结构 清晰，提出话题—举例—总结，对于细节题的考查很细致，考生要注意迅速抓住关键句子。
备战中考寒假系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Vitamin E supplements(补充品)，which millions take in the hope of longer, healthier lives, may do more harm than good, researchers reported on Wednesday.?
In fact, people taking high doses(剂量)of vitamin E may in some cases be more likely to die earlier, although the reasons are not clear, said Dr. Edgar Miller of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who led the study.“I think people take vitamin E because they think it is going to make you live longer, but this(study)doesn’t support that.”Miller told reporters.?
Miller and colleagues re?analyzed 19 studies of vitamin E and health between 1993 and 2004. The tests involved more than 136,000 mostly elderly patients in North America, Europe and China. People who took 200 international units of vitamin E a day or more died at a higher rate during the study, which lasted three years, than people who did not take supplements, they told a meeting of the American Heart Association.“It’s about a 5 percent increased risk at 45 years in the tests combined together，”Miller said.“That doesn’t sound like a lot but if you apply it to 25 percent of the (U.S.)adult population taking vitamin E, that is significant.”?
Miller, whose findings are also being published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine, said two?thirds of people who take vitamin E supplements take 400 IU or more.“We don’t think that people need to take vitamin E supplements, which they can get enough from the diet,”he said. Nuts, oils, whole grains and green leafy vegetables are all rich in vitamin E.?
People take vitamin E supplements, hoping that________.?
A.they can lose weight easily?
B.they may live a longer and healthier life?
C.they can get more and more beautiful?
D.they no longer need any medicine
The following statements can give us information about Miller EXCEPT_________.?
A.Miller and his team based their research on 19 cases of vitamin E and health between 1993 and 2004?
B.Miller thinks it unnecessary for people to take vitamin E supplements?
C.Miller supposes it impossible for people to get enough vitamin E from their diets?
D.Miller played an important role in the tests conducted by the researchers
Which of the following contains rich vitamin E??
A.Nuts.
B.Whole grains. ?
C.Green leafy vegetables.
D.All of the above.
What is this text mainly about??
A.It is reported in a study that vitamin E may do more harm than good to people to live longer and get healthier.
B.Dr.Edgar Miller and his colleagues studied many cases of vitamin E and health.?
C.Dr.Edgar Miller advises that people should not depend on vitamin E supplements for longer and healthier lives.
D.People who took 200 international units of vitamin E a day or more died at a higher rate than people who did not take supplements.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012届重庆市一中高三上学期第一次月考英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
As the forceful king of Macedonia(马其顿), Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire, becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.
Born in 356 B.C., Alexander III was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Alexander’s parents wanted him to receive the finest education, and arranged for him to study under Aristotle, regarded as one of the greatest scholars.
Alexander’s father was a strong leader. Philip II built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom; he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.
In 336, Philip was murdered by one of his guards. Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred, there are clues that other people were related to it.
After Alexander was cleared as a suspect, he succeeded his father without opposition, and killed those said to be responsible for his father’s murder, as well as all rivals. He was then just 20 years old. He then prepared to attack Persia.
In the spring of 334, Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia, which is called “the most powerful military expedition ever to leave Greece”, He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River, sending a strong message to Darius III, leader of the Persian Empire.
In 333, Alexander faced Darius at Issus, a mountain pass. The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage. Darius managed to escape. Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast, Alexander took every city in his path.
In 332 Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh(法老).
When Alexander left Egypt in 331, he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.
In 323, however, Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon. He was just 33 years old.
【小题1】What can we know about Philip’s death?
| A．He was killed by someone intending to take power from him. |
| B．Alexander sent someone who hated Philip to kill him. |
| C．His death was related to his plan of fighting Persia. |
| D．The murder might be organized by a group of people. |
| A．Darius didn’t command his army in the battlefield |
| B．Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers |
| C．Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain pass |
| D．Macedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire |
| A．e, d, b, c, a | B．d, e, a, c, b |
| C．e, b, d, c, a | D．d, a, c, e, b |
| A．Aristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nations |
| B．Alexander was happy about his father’s death |
| C．Persia is tougher to defeat than Egypt |
| D．Macedonia soon declined after Alexander died |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012届广东省肇庆市二高高三第三次阶段考试英语卷 题型：填空题
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
以下是请求帮助者的资料：
A. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.
B. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can’t stop it. How badly he needs someone’s help.
C. Mane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn’t know which bus to take. What’s worse, since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.
D. "Helping Hand"Organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.
E. "Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don’t know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth.
F. A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children’s future.
以下是乐于提供资助的人员信息介绍。请匹配他们与所对应的资助对象。
【小题1】Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. When I began to discover what other people’s lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
【小题2】Ben: After graduation, I don’t want to apply for a job at once Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I’ll get valuable experience for my future career.
【小题3】Susan: I’m a girl from England and have studied French for years. I’m here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
【小题4】Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people’s problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I’m working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night helping others.
【小题5】Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV program. What a sight. They are only bone and skin left. What’s worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年山东省济南外国语学校高一第一学期期中考试英语试卷 题型：填空题
[A]. As we know, Beijing is an international c
ity and many foreigners come to visit Beijing. The taxi drivers think it is kind to greet the foreigners in English. They need someone who can teach them English at night when they are not so busy.
[B]. Tom is crazy about on-line games that he cannot focus on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, and tell lies to his teachers and parents. He needs someone's help and advice.
[C]. Mane, a old woman, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket because she doesn't know which bus to take. Since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list and even can’t recognize the goods because she couldn’t read.
[D]. "Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving（饥饿的） children in Africa. Those who take part in it will go without food for 30 hours in order to raise money for the poor children.
[E]. "Green E
arth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. This summer holiday a lot of events will be organized to call on people to protect animals.
[F]. A group o
f young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can change the children's future.
以下是乐于提供帮助的人员信息介绍，请匹配他们与所对应的帮助对象。
（ ）1. Stephen: Last summer I joined in a training program and became a literacy(识字，读写能力) volunteer. When I found what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
（ ）2. Ben: After graduation I plan to spend a year helping those poor children and improving their lives. You know, education is important to poverty relief(扶贫)
（ ）3. Susan: I'm a foreign student in Beijing University studying Chinese. I’d like to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know more about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
（ ）4. Tim: I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. But I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.
（ ）5. Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children who are dying because of lack of food in a TV program. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. I hope I can do something for them.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届辽宁省沈阳二中高三第一阶段测试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：填空题
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Possessing a car gives one a greater degree of freedom. With the building of good fast motorways, long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. 【小题1】 You will no longer be forced to rely on public transport and work locally. You can choose from a greater variety of jobs and probably changes your work more frequently as you are not limited to a small area.
Although you can afford to buy it now, you have to consider the future. 【小题2】 However large the first sum you have to pay, you have to spend more in running the machine—the various taxes, the fuel, and of course the repairs. The last is especially endless. Any single repair may cost you thousands.
【小题3】 As more and more cars are produced and used, an even larger amount of poisonous gas is being sent out. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, can cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illness of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomachaches may just arise from the gas.
【小题4】 It has been said that when a man is sitting behind the wheel, his car becomes the display of his personality. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind the wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive and selfish. All their hidden character seems to be brought to the surface by act of driving.
Traveling by car actually brings more inconvenience. Driving a car may be more comfortable than taking a crowded bus. But any advantage of driving a car is often gone in traffic jams, endless queues of cars through all the main streets. 【小题5】
| A．Driving a car often brings out a man’s worst qualities. |
| B．Driving a car may cause many traffic accidents. |
| C．If you have a car, you can move around freely. |
| D．Considering this, I don’t support the use of more cars. |
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