Question

We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed ---- no examination is perfect ---- but to have no external(外部的)tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the ideal and the purpose of each teacher.
Without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them ---- a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates（证书）to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well - respected school. This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school's fame, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored school.
The opponents（对手）of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.
These people are not just against school organization, but are at war with the whole idea of modem competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive purposes. There is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organized when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society as a whole.
【小题1】According to the passage, the writer thinks that ________.

A．changing the standards could mean the end of equality

B．standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality

C．there would be no standards without external examinations

D．we cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect

【小题2】In the writer's opinion, what would happen if external examinations were taken away?

A．There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence.

B．Children from poor families would not be able to change schools.

C．Going to a favored school should be the only way to get a good job.

D．Schools for bright children would lose their fame.

【小题3】The situation at the moment is that ________.

A．many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability

B．a school's fame is not important, as long as a child has a certificate.

C．children attending well - respected schools need not get certificates.

D．a bright child doesn't need a certificate a t all to get a good job.

【小题4】Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

A．Most students from poor families can't get a good job.

B．Some people are using students to destroy our society.

C．The writer thinks it a good way to choose a job by computer.

D．The opponents of the examination want to reorganize schools.

【小题5】The opponents would agree that _________.

A．computers should be selected to take over many jobs

B．particular people should not be chosen for particular jobs

C．well-respected schools should be got rid of as soon as possible

D．the students are not equally treated if they take external examinations

Answer 1

【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】D

解析试题分析：本文叙述了我们都感兴趣的平等,但有些人试图保护学校和考试制度的名义,其他人,仍然以平等的名义,只是想摧毁它。对于学生参加考试不同的人有不同的观点。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据but to have no external(外部的)tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards.没有外在的考试就不会有平等和标准的存在，故选C。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away,如果取消考试将没有更多的机会和更多的好处，故选A。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates（证书）to prove he or she is suitable for a job, 学校的知名度不重要只要学生有毕业证就行，故选B。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据These people are not just against school organization,反对考试的人要重组学校，故选D。
【小题5】细节理解题。根据that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils.有考试是对学生的不公平，故选D。
考点：教育类短文阅读。
点评：细节理解题是阅读理解题中必考的一种题型，其解题依据主要在阅读材料中找。这种题型可以用“重现”的方法来解答。所谓“重现”，就是指某一个单词或短语的同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词在文中重复出现的现象。