Plants are chemical factories. Many of the chemicals that they produce are useful to humans. Besides food, plants provide material for paper, buildings, medicines and many others. Scientists study the chemicals to treat certain types of cancer.
On the other hand, the fast growth of the human population is changing the earth quickly. Only by understanding how human activities affect our environment can we predict global climate changes. Scientific studies of these changes and their effect on natural ecosystems and crop production are of great importance to the future of our society.
Other environmental issues, such as pollution, also interest scientists. Many plant species are especially sensitive to certain pollutants. Scientists study the effects of different types of pollution on plants. They use their results to advise lawmakers to make laws for environmental protection and to save priceless natural areas.
By using plant tissue culture（植物细胞培养），scientists can grow plants from single cells. This has exciting possibilities in biotechnology, forestry and so on. For example, the American chestnut was once a widespread tree in the Eastern forests. Today it has nearly disappeared because of a disease-producing fungus that causes chestnut to die. The American chestnut recently has been grown in plant tissue culture.
The earth’s biological diversity or the kinds of living things are decreasing. As humans change the environment for their own purposes, plants and animals living in these areas become increasingly endangered．Scientists work to identify and understand new plant species, especially in such biologically rich areas as rain forests. Perhaps a plant undiscovered now will become an important food crop. There are probably many undiscovered plants that produce useful drugs to cure or treat human disease. Biological diversity also provides an important source of new genes to improve the plants we now use. As techniques of genetic engineering improve, so will our ability to improve our plants.
1．Which of the following is not true according to this passage?
A．All the chemicals we need are produced by plants.
B．If we can understand how human activities affect our environment, we can predict global climate changes.
C．Science plays an important role in improving the plants.
D．Scientists use their scientific study results to make laws for environmental protection and to save priceless natural areas.
2．We can know from the Paragraph2 and Paragraph3 that_______.
A．it is global climate changes that endanger plant
B．human activities influence plants greatly
C．pollution does little harm to many plants
D．scientific studies on plant species are important to stop pollution
3．The underlined sentence means___________.
A．plants can produce many chemicals needed in chemical factory
B．plants can be made into many products in factories
C．scientists can use plants to study many chemicals
D．scientists can offer people many necessary materials
4．The importance of biological diversity lies in that_____________________.
A．we can have new species to take the place of the endangered
B．it can populate the earth with as many plants as possible
C．it has many possible values to human being
D．people may use it to cure or treat human disease
5．The best title for the passage might be ____________.
A．Finding New Plant Species
B．Botany and Society
C．The Chemical Factories
D．New Genes to Improve the Plants
1．A文章第一段告诉我们，植物制造的许多化学品多是我们人类需要的，但这并不意味着人类需要的所有的化学品都是植物制造的。
2．B第二段的第一句“…the fast growth of the human population is changing the earth quickly”是这两段的论点。
3．D从后面的描述看，植物可以给我们人类很多有用的必需品。
4．C由最后一段后半部分向我们讲述了biological diversity的重要价值：There are probably many undiscovered plants that produce useful drugs to cure or treat human disease. Biological diversity also provides an important source of new genes to improve the plants we now use.
5．B纵观全文可以看出，文章重点向我们讲述了植物和我们人类与社会的关系。首先开篇点题，告诉我们植物是我们人类必需的多种化学物质的制造工厂。后面围绕这一点从正反两方面说明如何保护好这一工厂：减少人类频繁活动对此造成的污染；搞好科研，发现/开发植物新品种。
科目：高中英语 来源：福建省南平市2010届高三下学期适应性考试英语试题 题型：阅读理解
All plant cells are capable of taking up water. Even dead ones do to a certain degree. Absorption（吸收）of water by dead cell walls makes wood become larger. In common land plants, the living cells of roots take up most of the water. Land plants without roots do exist, however. Those greenish-yellow lichens（苔藓）you see on rocks in the high mountains have no roots. Half a billion years ago, when water plants started to enter the land, the first land plants did not have roots.
Even among the flowering plants, one finds rootless forms. These flowering plants are “the higher plants” because they evolved（进化）recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale（进化度）. In the Peruvian desert, there grows one of these rootless higher plants, a bromeliad. It is a relative of the pineapple. Even if this plant had roots, they would be of no use, because where the plant grows, it never rains. The plant gets its water only from the dew（露水）it collects at night, when its leaves cool off. Such rootless plants, of course, can be moved with ease, but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open. If they are placed too near a house, the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming, and the plant dies. In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico, one sees bromeliads growing high above the streets on the insulation（绝缘物）of electric wires. These plants get their water from rain, and the only soil they ever come in contact with is the dust that may blow on their leaves.
64．From the passage we know that the evolutionary scale is graded according to _______ .
A. evolutionary
cycles B. heights and depths
C. time D. kinds
65．The “bromeliad” is a plant that _______ .
A．has useless roots B. is a pineapple
C．can grow anywhere D. takes up water through its leaves
66．The most suitable title for this passage is “_______ ”.
A. Absorption of water by plants B. Rootless plants
C. Plants in the desert D. Higher plants
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010年福建省古田五中高一下学期期末考试英语卷 题型：阅读理解
If you want your land to keep fertile, you must try to stop soil from being carried away by water or wind. When soil is taken away by flowing water or blowing winds we call it soil erosion. Ways have been found to stop soil erosion, and this is known as soil conservation. One way of stopping soil erosion is to grow small plants such as grass. These plants are referred to a cover crops, whose roots hold the soil tightly together. The rain water can not wash away the soil. When trees and tall bushes are planted at the edges of an open field, soil erosion by strong winds can not take place. The trees and b
ushes, which act as a
very big and firm wall, protect the open land from the winds. The way to stoop soil erosion on slopes is to build terraces on the slope of hillside and mountainside. When the slope of a hillside is cut into “step”, water carrying soil can not run straight down the terraces, which are used to slow down the speed of the flowing water containing much soil in it. In this way most of the soil in the water is left behind on the terraces, much soil in it.
【小题1】What takes place in soil erosion?
| A．Flood happens to the fertile land |
| B．A large quantity of the soil loses away gradually. |
| C．Terraces are built on the slope of hillside or mountainside. |
| D．Plants are grown to protect the open land |
| A．build terraces | B．build walls | C．plant trees | D．plant tall bushes |
| A．because their roots hold soil tightly |
| B．to stop soil from being blown away by winds. |
| C．Because soil erosion causes terrible damages to crops |
| D．To keep the balance of nature |
tle of the passage?| A．What Causes Soil Erosion |
| B．The Importance of Erosion |
| C．Rain Erosion and Wind Erosion |
| D．Erosion and the Way of Tight against Erosion |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年福建省东山县第二中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Scientists are trying to make the deserts ,which get very little rain, into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts，so people can live and grow food. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is becoming desert all the time. Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time．
Why is more and more land becoming desert？Scientists think that people make deserts．People are doing bad things to the earth against the scientists’ wish．
Some places on the earth don’t get much rain. But they still don’t become deserts．This is because some green plants are growing there．Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places．Plants don’t let the sun make the earth even drier． Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away．When a bit of rain falls，the plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become desert more easily．
【小题1】Deserts ____________ ．
| A．never have any plants or animals in them |
| B．can all be turned into good land before long |
| C．are becoming smaller and smaller |
| D．get very little rain |
| A．plants can’t grow there |
| B．there is not enough rain |
| C．people haven’t done what scientists wish them to do |
| D．scientists know little about the deserts |
| A．they don’t let the sun make the earth even drier |
| B．they don’t let the wind blow the soil away |
| C．they hold water |
| D．All of the above． |
| A．plants can keep dry land from becoming desert |
| B．it is good to get rid of the grass in the deserts |
| C．all places without much rain will become deserts |
| D．it is better to grow crops on dry land than to cut them |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013-2014学年广东省广州市高三1月调研测试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读关于不同月份天气特征的信息。
A. February – it’s one of the most pleasant months of the year. Most days have clear, sunny skies and the average temperature is a very cool 14°C. With an average monthly rainfall of only 20mm it is also one of the driest months.
B. April – it’s a warm spring month with moderate temperatures averaging around 21°C, and it is very wet, with 200mm rainfall on average for the month.
C. June – although it is the start of summer with average temperatures reaching a hot 28°C, you will not see much sun as it is usually very cloudy. It is also one of the wettest months of the year with frequent rain and average monthly rainfall of 240mm.
D. August – it is the hottest month of the year with average temperatures of 30°C. Generally very sunny during the day, but with frequent heavy rain showers in the evening that make it the wettest month of the year with an average monthly rainfall of 280mm.
E. October – this mid-autumn month is still pleasantly warm with average temperatures of 20°C. Days are mostly cloudy and overcast although rainfall levels are relatively low, averaging 70mm for rain for the month.
F. December – it is one of the coldest months of the year with average temperatures of 13°C. Night can be very cold. Mostly sunny, with a moderate average monthly rainfall of 60mm.
以下是五种蔬菜的种植指引，请把蔬菜与适宜种植的月份匹配起来。
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1.Corn – it requires a warm weather for strong and rapid growth. As it needs very wet soil, choose a time when there will be plenty of rain. High temperatures will cause corn to lose its sweet flavour. |
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2.Tomatoes – these popular plants are easy to grow as they can resist most pests and diseases. They require low temperatures, plenty of direct sunlight and dry conditions for best results. |
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3.Onions – these are a cold-season crop, easy to grow in the right conditions. They need a moderate amount of rain to keep the soil damp, but too much will cause them to rot. They should be planted during sunny period, as they grow best with plenty of direct sunlight. |
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4.Eggplants – these are tropical or subtropical, hot-season vegetables that need lots of direct sunlight. They grow best when the weather is very hot and there is plenty of water in the soil. |
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5.Potatoes – the taste of home-grown potatoes is far superior to store bought ones. They need a mild to warm conditions and relatively dry soil for best growth. They also require cloudy, overcast conditions for most of the time to prevent sunburn. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：0910年广东省高一上学期期末考试 题型：阅读理解
第三部分：阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上。（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
Bamboo is one of the nature’s most surprising plants. Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass.
Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground, but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist recorded one bamboo plant that grew almost 1.5 meters in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. There are more than 1,000 kinds of bamboo that grow around the world on both mountains and plains(平原).
Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimeters wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across. This plant also comes in different colors, from yellow to black to green.
Many Asian countries have been using bamboo for hundreds of years. They often use bamboo for building new buildings. As a matter of fact, the cables (绳索) that hold up the hanging bridge across the Min River in Sichuan are made of bamboo. The bridge has been in use for more than 1,000 years, and is still holding strong.
In Africa, engineers are teaching poor farmers how to find water using bamboo. These African countries need cheap ways to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. It seems that bamboo is one of the best things they can use. Bamboo pipes and drills (钻) can help to make the poor thirsty fields to be watered.
41.How is bamboo like grass?
A. It is thin and easy to cut. B. It grows everywhere.
C. It grows quickly after its cut short. D. It is short and green.
42.The sentence “while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across.” means “Some other bamboo plants may grow to be very _______.”
A. short B. strong C. thick D. tall
43.From the text we know ______.
A. most people call bamboo plant trees
B. a bamboo plant may grow 4.5 meters in three days
C. the bamboo plant changes its colors when it grows
D. a bridge held by bamboo cable was built thousands of years ago
44.Why did the engineers teach the poor farmers in Africa to make use of bamboo?
A. Because it is cheap. B. Because it is colorful.
C. Because it drills fast. D. Because it is used by Asians.
45.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. There are many different kinds of bamboo with different colors.
B. Cables made of bamboo can last for over a thousand years.
C. Bamboo can be used for buildings, bridges and watering projects(工程).
D. Bamboo plants are able to grow well in any part of the world.
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