Question

 

Kong Zi , also called Confucius (551-479 B.C) , and Socrates (469-399 B. C) lived only a hundred years apart , and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas , and how these ideas in turn ,shaped their societies.

Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars un Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.

Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some bad more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.

For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.

Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.

1.Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?

A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common,

B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.

C. The societies ware influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.

D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.

2.Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that           .

A. all men were equal when they were born

B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class

C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom

 D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to

3.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?

A. Family.           B. Potential.        C. Knowledge.            D. Community.

4.This passage is organized in the pattern of          ,

A. time and events

B. comparison and contrast

C. cause and effect

D. definition and classification

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

考点：细节理解。

题目: 从第一段中得出以下哪一个是正确的？

A: 孔子和苏格拉底有很多共同之处

B: 孔子对于苏格拉底的观念起了很大影响

C: 社会被哲学家的观念所影响

D:在中国和希腊之间有文化交流

解析： 从文中第一段最后一句的后半句得出答案。文中说到两位哲学家孔子和苏格拉底，世界影响了他们哲学观念的塑造，同样他们的观念也影响了他们的社会。C选项最符合文意，ABC选项原文均未提及。

2.B

考点：细节理解

题目: 苏格拉斯与孔子一致的观念是？

A: 众生平等

B:下层阶级应该被上层阶级管理

C: 人的目标就是追求自由和智慧

D: 己所不欲，勿施于人

解析： 第三段最后一句得出答案。ABC选项均是在陈述孔子的观点，只有B选项是在说苏格拉底的哲学理念。像孔夫子一样，苏格拉底相信上层阶级应该统治下层阶级。

3.C

考点：细节理解

题目: 根据孔子所述，什么使众生彼此不相同？

A:家庭             B: 潜能             C: 知识              D: 社团

解析：从文中第三段第二句得出答案。孔子认为人出生时都是平等的，虽然有些人有过人的潜能，是知识使人与人之间不相同。

4.B

考点：篇章结构理解题

题目: 文章是以什么结构组织展开？

A: 时间和事件

B: 比较和对照

C: 起因和结果

D: 定义和分类

解析：本篇文章通篇采用对比的手法，将孔子和苏格拉底在哲学观念上的相同以及不同之处进行比较论述。故选择B选项。