Question

  Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

   I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.

CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.

36. What does the author say about doctors in general?

A. They like flying by themselves.

B. They are unwilling to take advice.

C. They pretend to be good pilots.

D. They are quick learners of CRM.

37. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_______.

A. he saved the plane by speaking up

B. he was in charge of a flying task

C. his boss landed the plane too late

D. his boss operated on a patient

38. In the last paragraph” landing gear up” probably means ______.

A. following flying requirements.

B. overreacting to different opinions.

C. listening to what fellow doctors say

D. making a mistake that may cost lives

39. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe

B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

C. The Making of a Good Pilot

D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor

Answer 1

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，题材是故事。作者讲述了自己把当飞行员时学会的机组资源管理理念运用到后来自己从医的手术室中。飞行经历使自己成为一名更出色的医生。

段落	关键词、句	大意推测
第一部分（Para. 1）	pilots；a better surgeon；CRM ；a new idea to make flying safer；listen and speak up	总说：当飞行员时学会的机组资源管理思想使我成为一名更出色的外科医生。
第二部分（Para. 2）	flying in bad weather ；speak up; my first real lesson; the power of CRM ; used it in the operating room	在我和一位主治医师的一次飞行中，我在危机时刻大声说出了“按下起降架”。这是我运用CRM的第一堂课。后来我把它运用到手术室。
第三部分（Para. 3）	encourage others to speak up; doesn't overreact; prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again; in the operating room; continue to encourage them	机组资源管理要求医生或飞行员鼓励别人大声说话。同时对不同意见不要采取过激的行动，不然别人就不再说出自己的意见了。我在手术室不断地管理别人大声讲话。

【解析】

36. B。细节理解题。难度：中等。根据文章第一段中Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all.（众所周知，医生是糟糕的飞行员。他们听不进建议因为他们已经全都知道了。）可知他们听不进别人的意见。这和选项B一致。其他选项文章内容没有提到过。

37. A。细节理解题。难度：中等。根据文章第二段中的But I had to（speak up）: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM（我们的生命处于危险之中，危机时刻我大声地说：“我们必须按下起降架” 这是我运用CRM的第一堂课。）可知A正确。

38. D。猜测短语含义题。难度：较难。根据文章第三段中的So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.可以推知：当我在手术室时，我向别人征求意见和寻求帮助。有时他们不愿大声说话。但我希望如果我不断地鼓励他们，有朝一日，有人就能阻止我犯以生命为代价的错误（landing gear down挽救了飞机和我们的命；landing gear up如果不按下起降架就会飞机失事牺牲生命）。故选D。

39. B。推测文章的标题。难度：中等。根据文章的整体内容上看，作者采用倒叙的方法。第一段叙述故事的结果，从而引出下文的故事。而第一段中的becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon是文章的中心句，这句涵盖了整个文章内容，而选项B和中心句一致。所以B正确。

【难句学习】

1.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.

翻译：机组资源管理理念进一步要求，当（听到）对方不同的意见的时候，医生不有过激的反应。这可能阻止同行医生再次提出意见。

分析：句中that后面是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又包含一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前面整个句子的内容。

2.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.

翻译：但我希望如果我不断地鼓励他们，有朝一日，有人就能阻止我犯以生命为代价的错误。

分析：句中that引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。