Question

The Greeks had long kept certain more or less formal relations with the people of Macedonia (马其顿） Now it happened，just when Sparta and Athens had finished their disastrous war，that Macedonia was ruled by an extraordinarily clever man named Philip. He admired the Greek spirit but he looked down on their lack of self-control in political affairs. It angered him to see a perfectly good people waste its men and money upon fruitless quarrels. So he settled the difficulty by making himself the master of all Greece and then he asked his new subjects to join him on a voyage which he meant to pay to Persia in return for the visit which Xerxes had paid the Greeks 150 years before.  

Unfortunately Philip was murdered before he could start this well-prepared expedition(远征). The task of avenging(报仇)the destruction of Athens was left to Philip's son Alexander,the beloved pupil of Aristotle，wisest of all Greek teachers.

Alexander left Europe in the spring of334 BC. Seven years later he reached India. In the meantime he had destroyed Phoenicia(腓尼基，地中海古国），the old rival of the Greek merchants. He had con?quered Egypt and had been worshipped by the people of the Nile valley as the son and heir of the Pharaohs(法老). He had defeated the last Persian king，he had overthrown the Persian Empire，he had given orders to rebuild Babylon，he had led his troops into the heart of the Himalayan mountains and had made the entire world a Macedonian province and dependency. Then he stopped and announced even more ambitious plans.

The newly formed Empire must be brought under the influence of the Greek mind. The people must be taught the Greek language~~they must live in cities built after a Greek model. The Alexandrian soldier now turned school-master. The military camps of yesterday became the peaceful centres of the newly imported Greek civilisation. Higher and higher did the flood of Greek manners and Greek customs rise，when suddenly Alexander was stricken with a fever and died in the old palace of King Hammurabi of Babylon in the year 323 BC.

His Empire did not long survive him. A number of ambitious generals divided the territory among themselves. But they too remained faithful to the dream of a great world brotherhood of Greek and Asiatic ideas and knowledge. They maintained their independence until the Romans came.

(   ) 8. The first 3 paragraphs are aimed at telling readers about      

A.  the Greece's relationship with Macedonia

B.  Alexander's father's achievements

C.  Greek's lack of communication with the outside

D.  the background of Alexander's expedition

(   ) 9. The underlined word "subjects" can be replaced with      

A. targets    B. programs C. citizens    D. themes

(   ) 10. It can be implied that Philip organized a voyage to Persia      

A. to pay a return visit    B. to avenge the destruction of Athens

C. to start a well-prepared expedition D. to spread Greek culture

(   ) 11. What happened as a result of Alexander' s expedition?

A.   India became an independent part of Macedonia.

B.   Phoenicia was destroyed by Greek merchants.

C.   Egypt was conquered by the Pharaohs.

D.   The Persian Empire was overturned.

(   ) 12. We can guess that Alexander's most ambitious plan after 327 BC was       

A.  to bring the newly formed Empire under the Greek influence

B.  to distribute the territory among the generals

C.  to turn the soldiers into school teachers

D.  to build prosperous cities for Greeks

Answer 1

8. D作为亚历山大远征的背景，前三段交代了其父亲建立的功绩。

9. C词义猜测题.，根据"he settled the difficulty by making himself the master of all Greece"的表述及下文中"his new"两个词与上文的对应关系可知， subjects应是"臣民"的意思。

10. B   逻辑推理题。第三段给出答案。

11. D   细节理解题。从第四段第五句可知答案。其他几项与描述不符。 

12. A逻辑推理题。从倒数第二段可知，亚历山大死于公元前323年. 而在此之前他希望新建的帝国必须接受希腊文化的影响。C项和D项只是实现A项的细节部分；从最后一段的第一和二句可知，亚历山大创建的帝国是因野心勃勃的将军们瓜分领土而崩溃的，因此可以断定，亚历山大是不希望将军瓜分领土的。