Eating foods high in trans-fats(fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced cakes and fast food...) and saturated (饱和的) fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease. Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, can fight against the risk of mental illness.
Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.
“Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,” the head study author said. “The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.”
The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oil, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression.
The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fats—making up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the volunteers. “Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,” said researcher Miguel Martinez. “On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy derived from these fats is around 2.5 percent.”
The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, “to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.”
1.What's the best title of the text?
A．Junk Food and Depression B．Depression Prevention
C．Types of Fats and Depression D．Depression Research
2.Which of the following increases the risk of suffering depression?
A．Fish. B．Vegetable oil. C．Olive oil. D．Butter.
3.The study tells us that .
A．2.5% Americans suffer mental illness
B．l2,000 volunteers in Navarra took part
C．a minority of participants became new sufferers
D．l50 million Europeans enjoy a healthier lifestyle
4.The underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .
A．obtained B．chosen C．separated D．preserved
5.More and more Westerners are suffering depression because .
A．they have less time for exercise
B．they eat more nuts, vegetable oils and fish
C．the sources of fats in their diets have changed
D．less meat, butter, and cakes are included in their diets
1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.C
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了人们吃垃圾食品（含有反式脂肪）与疾病的关系，文中介绍了通过调查研究及多次实验后，发现人们吃了含有这种脂肪的人患抑郁病的可能性很大，人们吃植物油、坚果和鱼等能降低患抑郁病的风险。
1.这是标题归纳题。根据confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease. 故选A。
2.这是细节理解题。根据trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.故选D。
3.这是细节理解题。根据When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.故选C。
4.这是词义猜测题。根据from these fats is around 2.5 percent.从这些脂肪含能量的百分比是2.5 percent.故选 A。
5.这是细节理解题。根据to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets,故选C。
考点：这是健康保健类阅读。
点评：文章标题是文章的点睛之笔。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解题中属深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，准确把握文章大意及作者的写作意图。一般说来，标题应该具有概括性、针对性、简洁性三个突出特点。其中概括性，是指标题应最大程度地覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性，是指标题的含义要直接指向文章的主要特点；而简洁性，则是指标题应言简意赅，能吸引读者的注意力，并唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣等。
名师点拨卷系列答案
英才计划期末调研系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
People often eat food to feel better. Recently, researchers have found that eating chocolate or drinking water can reduce pain, and reduce a rat’s response to heat.
The study was done by Professor Mason and Professor Foo at the University of Chicago. It is the first to show that this powerful painkilling effect occurs while the animals are ingesting(吸收) food.
In the experiments, rats were given either a chocolate chip to eat or had sugar water or common water flowed directly into their mouths. As the rat ate the chocolate or fluid, a light under the cage was turned on. It was done to provide heat that usually caused the animal to lift its foot off the floor. The researchers found that rats were much slower to raise their feet while eating or drinking, compared to tests done while they were not eating.
Surprisingly, the researchers found no difference in the delayed foot-lift response when the rat was eating chocolate and when it was drinking water. Former research showed that only sugary things reduce people’s response to pain.
“This really shows it has nothing to do with calories,”Professor Mason said.“Water has no calories, but it has the same effect as chocolate chip. It’s really shocking.”
The researchers believe that this effect is also present in humans. The painkilling effect can be turned to our advantage. For example, water perhaps can take the place of candy which is often used to calm children—or even adults—in the doctor’s office.“Eating is a painkiller, but we don’t need the sugar,”Professor Mason said.“So replace the doctor’s candy with a drink of water.”
82.What’s the best title for this passage?
A.Chocolate is helpful to rats.
B.People can eat food to feel better.
C.A new way to kill pain is being studied.
D.Chocolate and water can reduce the pain response to heat.
83.Which of the following statements about the experiments is WRONG?
A.A light was turned on to provide heat.
B.The rats ate the chocolate with water.
C.Rats had slower response to heat after eating.
D.Some rats ate nothing during the experiments.
84.The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 5 refers to“ ”.
A.painkilling effect B.a chocolate chip
C.water D.the result of the study
85.Which of the following is an advantage that the result of the study can bring us?
A.Kids can eat a chocolate chip to reduce pain.
B.Adults can drink sugar water to reduce pain.
C.People can drink water to reduce pain.
D.People can reduce pain in the same way rats do.
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