After World War II the United Nationts Was organized。这个维护世界和平与安全、推动国际社会公正发展的国际组织是

    A．欧洲联盟    B．联合国    C．国际联盟    D．世贸组织

美国一词 “the  United  States  of  America”中的States的含义后来演变为

A．国家               B．邦联           C．州             D．省

Why does most of the world travel on the right side today? Theories differ, but there’s no doubt that Napoleon was a major influence. The French had used the right since at least the late 18th century. Some say that before the French Revolution, noblemen drove their carriages on the left, forcing the peasants to the right. Regardless of the origin, Napoleon brought right-hand traffic to the nations he conquered, including Russia, Switzerland and Germany. Hitler, in turn, ordered right-hand traffic in Czechoslovakia and Austria in the 1930s. Nations that escaped right-hand control, like Great Britain, followed their left-hand tradition.
The U.S. has not always been a nation of right-hand rivers; earlier in its history, carriage and horse traffic traveled on the left, as it did in England. But by the late 1700s, people driving large wagons pulled by several pairs of horses began promoting a shift to the right. A driver would sit on the rear (后面的) left horse in order to wave his whip with his right hand; to see opposite traffic clearly, they traveled on the right.
One of the final moves to firmly standardize traffic directions in the U.S. occurred in the 20th century, when Henry Ford decided to mass-produce his cars with controls on the left (one reason, stated in 1908; the convenience for passengers exiting directly onto the edge, especially… if there is a lady to be considered). Once these rules were set, many countries eventually adjusted to the right-hand standard, including Canada in the 1920s, Sweden in 1967 and Burma in 1970. The U.K. and former colonies such as Australia and India are among the western world’s few remaining holdouts. Several Asian countries, including Japan, use the left as well — thought many places use both right-hand-drive and left-hand-drive cars.

1. 1.

   Why did people in Switzerland travel on the right?

   1. A.
      They had used the right-hand since the 18th century.
   2. B.
      Rich people enjoyed driving their carriages on the right.
   3. C.
      Napoleon introduced the right-hand traffic to this country.
   4. D.
      Hitler ordered them to go to against their left-hand tradition.
2. 2.

   Of all the countries below, the one that travels on the right is ______.

   1. A.
      Austria
   2. B.
      England
   3. C.
      Japan
   4. D.
      Australia
3. 3.

   Henry Ford produced cars with controls on the left _______.

   1. A.
      in order to change traffic directions in the U.S.
   2. B.
      so that passengers could get off conveniently
   3. C.
      because rules at that time weren’t perfect
   4. D.
      though many countries were strongly against that
4. 4.

   According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

   1. A.
      Before the French Revolution, all the French people used the right.
   2. B.
      People in Britain and the U.S. travel on the same side nowadays.
   3. C.
      The Burmese began to travel on the right in 1970.
   4. D.
      All the Asian nations use the left at present.
5. 5.

   What would be the best title for this passage?

   1. A.
      Who made the great contributions to the shift of traffic directions?
   2. B.
      How cars have become a popular means of transportation?
   3. C.
      How Henry Ford produced his cars with controls on the left?
   4. D.
      Why don’t people all drive on the same side of the road?

长城（The Great Wall）于1987年根据文化遗产遴选标准被列入《世界遗产目录》（编号: 200-001 ）。

材料一   “（    ）为秦将，北逐戎翟，筑长城，起（     ）至（    ），延袤万余里。此为虐于人也。”----范晔《后汉书》

（1）根据材料和所学知识回答，秦始皇任命谁为“秦将”修筑长城？其“起至”点分别为哪里？修筑长城的目的是什么？（5分）

（2）范晔如何看待秦长城的修筑？你如何评价其观点？ （6分）

材料二   以明末清初发生在山海关甲申（1644年）石河大战为题材的30集大型电视连续剧 《风起第一关》，正式在秦皇岛关城老龙头景区开机。甲申石河大战在中国历史上影响深远，与大明、大顺、大清三个王朝的兴废更迭有着千丝万缕的联系。此剧男一号褚智博是秦皇岛本土演员，曾在《大决战》、《走西口》等影视剧中饰演重要角色，据悉《风起第一关》预计拍摄周期为100天，主要场景均在秦皇岛拍摄，包括山海关古城、老龙头、角山等，预计今年（2009年）9月中旬杀青。  ----2009年6月新浪娱乐讯、百度娱乐讯

材料三   “燕塞湖畔山海关，三桂一怒为哪般?

满汉合兵江湖让，清君飘逸入王銮。”

             ----二泉映月的博客之《甲申石河大战有感》

（3）据材料二、三及所学知识回答，山海关甲申石河大战的交战双方是谁？战争结果怎样？此结果对中国历史有何影响？（5分）

（4）你认为《风起第一关》的播映会给秦皇岛带来怎样的社会影响？ （2分） 

Hunting
The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.
Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely out earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.
I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.
The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives(动机).One of them wrote.
“You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory(领地)。You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.”
I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears(矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger—shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used.The so—called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. 

1. 1.

   There is no more hunting in India now partly because___.

   1. A.
      it is dangerous to hunt there
   2. B.
      hunting is already out of date
   3. C.
      hunters want to protect animals
   4. D.
      there are few animals left to hunt
2. 2.

   The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly____.

   1. A.
      to make the countryside safe
   2. B.
      to earn people’s admiration
   3. C.
      to gain power and influence
   4. D.
      to improve their health
3. 3.

   What do we learn about the big-game hunters?

   1. A.
      They hunt old animals
   2. B.
      They mistreat animals
   3. C.
      They hunt for food
   4. D.
      They hunt for money
4. 4.

   What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?

   1. A.
      Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face
   2. B.
      Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons
   3. C.
      Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers
   4. D.
      Modern hunters should put their safety first

If we say the four great inventions (Gunpowder,Compass,Paper and Art of Printing) reflected ancient China’s scientific achievements,then Zhaozhou Stone Bridge perfectly represented one of the greatest contributions to ancient China’s bridge building.Nobody was unfamiliar with the stone bridge full of legends and vivid folk stories.
The ancient Zhaozhou stone bridge started to be built in 590 during the Sui Dynasty (581～618) and established in 608.The pioneer for building the bridge was Li Chun who overcame unimaginable difficulties,undergoing all hardships.The location of the bridge is in Zhao County south,Hebei Province.It lay across the Xiaoshui River,far away from the mountains that provided rocky materials.In ancient times,it was such a busy,deep and wide river that could be used as an important carriage to transport heavy rocks and other materials.As we know,no train,no lifting machine could be used to move granite(花岗岩)blocks to the construction site.As an intelligent stonemason and engineer,Li Chun worked out his plan and design all from his own direct observation and investigation.It took his whole life-time in completing the great historical project inChina.Nowadays it is not only a historical remarkable model of architecture,but also a brilliant Chinese cultural crystallization(结晶) of wisdom.
The entire length of the bridge is 50.82 meters with 10 meters width.The whole stone bridge looks like a big bow,the span of which is 37.02 meters,and its height from the top to the surface of water at a regular position is 7.23 meters.The bridge arch seems to be moving smoothly and flatly.The whole arch consists of 28 big granite blocks connected each other tightly together.On both end sides of the general arch there are 4 smaller arches,2 of which on one side,the other 2 on the other side.The smaller arches could be used to decrease the weight of the bridge and save stone materials,and help flood get through easily,which seems to be much prettier.Such a hard-thinking and careful consideration of the engineering article is really a model of design and layout.The span was much wider than the other stone bridge in ancient times all over China.
Today Zhaozhou Stone Bridge is one of international cultural relics and perfectly protected and preserved by the concerned administration of China.

1. 1.

   The best title of this passage is _________.

   1. A.
      Great engineer in ancient China
   2. B.
      Zhaozhou stone bridge
   3. C.
      Four great inventions
   4. D.
      How to build a bridge
2. 2.

   The third paragraph mainly tells us _________.

   1. A.
      the materials of Zhaozhou bridge
   2. B.
      the structure of Zhaozhou bridge
   3. C.
      the arches of Zhaozhou bridge
   4. D.
      the importance of Zhaozhou bridge
3. 3.

   The underlined word “carriage” probably refers to _________.

   1. A.
      cart
   2. B.
      transport
   3. C.
      channel
   4. D.
      resourse

It’s not the first movie to show the end of the world. But in the latest box office hit 2012 it is neither aliens nor a killer disease that threaten the human race, but climate change.
Some say the film lacks good dialogue and its science is questionable， others believe German director Roland Emmerich makes up for these flaws in special effects. An earthquake destroys the White House and Yellow stone  National Park ends up in flames.
Emmerich borrows from the old Mayan(玛雅人的) story which says, that the world will end in 2012.He is being criticized for fuelling Internet rumors(传闻) about doomsday(世界末日)
“There is no factual basis for these claims,’’ NASA said on its website. “Credible(可信赖的) scientists worldwide know of no threat connected with 2012,’’ it insisted. “After all, our planet has been getting along just fine for more than 4 billion years, ” they added.
According to the UK’s Daily Telegraph, it was first thought that the disaster would happen in May 2003. When the world continued, supporters picked the last day of the Mayan calendar.
“Every culture has a myth(传说) of destruction(毁灭), just as they have a myth of creation. These myths |of destruction tend to surface(重新出现) during times of crisis(危机), ” Michael A. Ryan, an assistant profess of history，speaking to Purdue University News. Ryan studies apocalyptic(像世界末日的) themes from the Middle Ages at the US university. “Today’s current economic climate is a state of crisis for many people who are worried whether they can afford to feed themselves,”he added.

1. 1.

   What led to the end of the world according to the film 2012?

   1. A.
      Aliens.
   2. B.
      The human race.
   3. C.
      Climate change.
   4. D.
      A killer disease.
2. 2.

   What does the underlined word “fuelling’’ in the third paragraph refer to?

   1. A.
      Making sth. stronger..
   2. B.
      Putting gas into a car.
   3. C.
      Producing power or heat.
   4. D.
      Burning
3. 3.

   Which of the following statements about the film 2012 is TRUE according to the text?

   1. A.
      A big fire destroys Yellow-stone National Park.
   2. B.
      All scientists in the world know of no threat connected with 2012.
   3. C.
      The old Mayan story says that the world will end in
   4. D.
      Every culture has a myth of destruction rather than creation
4. 4.

   Why do the rumors about doomsday come about now and then?

   1. A.
      Because during times of crisis, people tend to worry about their future.
   2. B.
      Because aliens often threaten the human race.
   3. C.
      Because killer diseases happen at times.
   4. D.
      Because the old Mayan story says that the world will

ten deaths around the world.Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their sjun.
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox；instead，they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) .A Bridsh doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this，and so he studied cowpox He believed that，by vaccinating (给接种疫苗) people with the disease，he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox.In 1796，he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and，two months later，with smallpox.The boy did not get smallpox.In the next two years，Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way，and none of them got the disease.
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread.Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus，such as rable (狂犬病)，and vaccines (疫苗) were sent across the world to the United States and India.
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world.In 1967，the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program，and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977.The story of vaccinations does not end there，however.There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year.Besides，many new diseases are being discovered.The challenge for medical researchers will，therefore，probably continue for several more centuries

1. 1.

   Smallpox was so serious that       by the end of l8th century

   1. A.
      its death rate was up to ten percent
   2. B.
      those who caught it were certain to die
   3. C.
      one in ten people in the world died of smallpox
   4. D.
      one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox
2. 2.

   Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could      

   1. A.
      make smallpox much milder
   2. B.
      stop people from getting smallpox
   3. C.
      protect people against any disease
   4. D.
      prevent people’s scars after smallpox
3. 3.

   Which of the following statements is not true?

   1. A.
      The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor
   2. B.
      After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO.
   3. C.
      Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered
   4. D.
      Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox
4. 4.

   The author of the passage thinks that      

   1. A.
      vaccinations bring many new problems
   2. B.
      vaccinations end the spread of diseases
   3. C.
      there is a long way to go to fight against diseases
   4. D.
      there is along way to go to discover new diseases

对“Man  is  the  of   all  things.”（人是万物的尺度）理解正确的是：

1. A.
   它强调人的价值至高无上
2. B.
   它否定神或命运等超自然的力量对社会、人生的作用
3. C.
   它过分强调人的主观感受
4. D.
   它给极端个人主义打开了方便之门

After World War Ⅱthe United Nations was organized．这个维护世界和平与安全、推动国际社会公正发展的国际组织是

1. A.
   欧洲联盟
2. B.
   联合国
3. C.
   国际联盟
4. D.
   世贸组织