Age plays a major part in people who are infected with cold, ie, in people who suffer from cold
infection.A study done by University of Michigan, has shown information that seems to be true for
the general population.Babies are the most cold infected group, generally more than six colds in their
first year.Boys have more colds than girls up to the age of three.After three, girls are easier to get
infected with cold than boys, and teenage girls get three colds a year to boys' two.The general cold
infections continue to get less into adults.Elderly people who are in good health have as few as one
or two colds every year.One interesting thing is found among people in their twenties, especially
women, who show a rise in cold infection, because people in this age group are most likely to have
young children.
      The study has also found that economy plays an important role as well.With more and more
income, the frequency at which colds are reported in the family is getting lower and lower.Families
with the lowest income usually sufferabout a third ally forces people to live in rooms more crowded
than rooms owned by richer people, and the crowding usually leads to more chances for the cold
virus to travel from person to person.Low income may also have an effect on our diet.Many scientists
believe that a poorer diet usually leads into more possibilities of cold infection.

1. Which of the age groups has the highest frequency of cold infection?

A. Small babies.  
B. Teenage boys.
C. Adult women. 
D. Elderly people.

2. The purpose of writing this passage is to________.

A. give the readers some tips to avoid cold infection
B. show a carefullmade study on cold infection
C. report the major reasons leading to cold infection
D. describe all the possible dangers of cold infection

3. How does economy play an important role in cold infection?

A. Families with lower income suffer less from cold infection.
B. People who have lower income enjoy living in crowded rooms.
C. Rich families can have better nutrition and never get infected.
D. People with higher income have fewer chances of infection.

4. From the passage we can infer that________.

A. age is the only important factor that connects with colds
B. families with the highest income will more easily get infected
C. people have lower frequency of infection as they grow older
D. a better diet may help people to fight against cold infection

     During my high school years, the most important thing was what I was wearing to the Friday night
dance and who I was taking. Although college was talked about, it was the least of my worries.
     When I was graduating eighth grade and starting high school, my older brother was graduating
twelfth grade and going onto college. For my graduation, he gave me a card in which he wrote, "Enjoy
your four years. . . They go by fast." I remember not believing him then, but looking back. . . He was
right. Those four years shaped who I was as a person, pushed me to my limit and encouraged me to
become an adult.
     However, I was so completely absorbed in my junior and senior years of high school, that when
someone spoke of college I brushed it off. I wasn't ready to leave my comfort zone of having all of my
closest friends together and knowing what every single day was going to be like. Studying was something
I did only AFTER I nailed my halftime dance performance. I knew my parents wanted me to go to
college, so I told them I would go to community college (社区学院) and I didn't worry about my SAT
(美国大学入学考试) scores.
     When my senior year passed and everyone graduated and went off to their own colleges, I started to
wish I had done the same. My friends were living away, meeting new people, and discovering new
places, while I was living at home and driving to and from class every day. It seemed exactly like high
school. I hated it!I thought college was supposed to be different!Why didn't I take more time to
research colleges and do the same?I ended up loving college and wishing I had four years to enjoy the
campus (大学校园) atmosphere instead of two.
     My advice to anyone thinking about attending college is to think about it very seriously and look into
all of your choices well ahead of time. Now I have graduated and I am working fulltime and I would do
anything to go back to my high school days for a second chance!

1. Why didn't the author worry about his SAT scores?

A. He wanted to go to community college.
B. He had been admitted for his gift in dance.
C. He was well prepared for the exam.
D. He believed his brother would help him.

2. When in high school, the author________.

A. drove to and from class every day
B. buried himself in his study all the time
C. enjoyed talking about future college life
D. lived in the school except on holidays

3. What did the author's brother mean by "Enjoy your four years. . . They go by fast."?

A. He wished the author to have more dance.
B. He advised the author to value the years.
C. He encouraged the author to leave his comfort zone.
D. He suggested the author aim at a community college.

4. Talking of his high school years, the author feels________.

A. regretful  
B. lonely
C. angry
D. pleased

When a young man starts to earn his own living,he can no
longer expect others to pay _____ his food,
his clothes, or his room, but he has to work if he wants to live
_____(舒适)．If he spends most of his time                        
p____about in the way that he used to when he                    
was a child,he will go h____, that is to say,he                       
has nothing to eat. And if he breaks the laws of
_____ (社会) like he used to break the laws                        
of his parents,he may go to _____. If, however,                   
he works hard, k_____ out of trouble and has                     
good health,he can have the great happiness of seeing
_____ (自己) make steady progress in his job                    
and of building _____ his own position in society.                
Being responsible not only bring about happiness
_____ also confidence.                                                     

Dear Reader,
     Today I am going to ask you to support Wikipedia with a donation.
      Wikipedia is built differently from almost every other top 50 website.We have a small number of paid
staff,just twentythree.Wikipedia content is free to use by anyone for any purpose.Our annual expenses are less than six million dollars.Wikipedia is run by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation,which I founded in
2003.
      Wikipedia is driven by a global community of more than 150,000 volunteers-all devoted to sharing
knowledge freely.Over almost eight years,these volunteers  have  contributed  more  than 11 million
articles in 265 languages.More than 275 million people come to our website every month to access
information,free of charge and free of advertising.
      But Wikipedia is more than a website.We share a common cause:Imagine a world in which every
single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge.That's our commitment.
     Your donation helps us in several ways.Most importantly,you will help us cover the increasing cost of
managing global traffic to one of the most popular websites on the Internet.Funds also help us improve
the software that runs Wikipedia-making it easier to search,easier to read,and easier to write for.We are
committed to increasing the free knowledge movement worldwide,by taking on new volunteers,and
building strategic partnerships with institutions of culture and learning.
     Wikipedia is different.It's the largest encyclopedia (百科全书)  in history,written by volunteers.Like a
national park or a school,we don't believe advertising should have a place in Wikipedia.We want to keep
it free and strong,but we need the support of thousands of people like you.
      Thank you,
       Jimmy Wales

1. What do the second and third paragraphs mainly talk about?

A. Why you should donate to Wikipedia.
B. How much the workers are paid.
C. How Wikipedia is run.
D. How many people contribute to Wikipedia.

2. All the following are the reasons for the need of your donation EXCEPT________.

A. to keep Wikipedia free for people all over the world
B. to update the software that runs Wikipedia
C. to raise the salaries of the staff
D. to pay the cost of running the website

3. What does the underlined word "That" in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Free access to all human knowledge.
B. Human knowledge.
C. Every single person.
D. A common cause.

4. Which of the following is TRUE about Wikipedia?

A. It only has 23 workers at present.
B. It will run a national park or a school.
C. It has got much help from other people.
D. It may put some advertisements to earn money.

5. What's the author's purpose of writing this text?

A. To introduce the differences between Wikipedia and other websites.
B. To improve the software that runs Wikipedia.
C. To make Wikipedia more popular.
D. To call on people to donate to Wikipedia.

How Much to Tip
     You're out to dinner.The food is delicious and the service is fine.You decide to leave a big fat tip.Why?The answer may not be as simple as you think.
     Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service.Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter's choice of words, to
how they carry themselves while taking orders, to the bill's total.Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.
     "Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker, "wrote
Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor."These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimicks them."
     So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups.He requested that half serve with a phrase such
as, "Coming up!"Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the
customers.Rick van Baaren then compared their takehome pay.The results were clear-it pays to mimic
your customer.The copycat (模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.
     Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St.Louis, found the
generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill.After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went up.In fact, tip
percentages appear to plateau (稳定期) when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.
     "That's also a point of tipping, " Green says."You have to give a little extra to the cabdriver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you.If they weren't there, you'd
never get any service.So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there."

1. Apart from service, how many other factors affecting the customers'tipping are mentioned in the
    passage?

A. 1.  
B. 2.  
C. 3.  
D. 4.

2. These studies show that________.

A. tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiters
B. people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them
C. the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as those who don't mimick others
D. mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad

3. According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip
    percentages?

4. We know from the passage that the writer seems to________.

A. object to Mr Green's idea about tipping
B. think part of Mr Green's explanation is reasonable
C. give his generous tip to waiters very often
D. support the opinions of Mr Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

     When many of us take a vacation, relaxing is what we want.But we usually return home  tired and
weak.It doesn't have to be this way.
     Come home refreshed after an active trip! Don't be too tired!
     Active vacations are often the most relaxing of all.It's all in defining (定义) what an active  vacation is.We don't expect you to run slowly, or go backpacking.Well, we ask the vacationers who are not active
not to sit too long but to spend two to four hours a day doing things, such as walking the city streets,
exploring a nature protect, going to a zoo or biking along the ocean.
     These kinds of activities aren't just good for your physical health.They improve your mental health, even your spiritual health.And they make vacations memorable and worthwhile.And after all, isn't that what you want from your vacation? Here are some fresh ideas to make your vacations as pleasurable as they are
active and healthy.
     A walk at dawn or dusk is necessary.Try to make this a daily routine of life away from home, and you will ensure yourself both physical and spiritual adding.
     Don't allow yourself to spend your entire time sitting in front of the water.Whether it is the ocean, a
swimming pool, or a treelined lake, make sure you get into the water for swimming or games or even
walking.Heck, merely standing in waisthigh water is a good exercise, thanks to the action of the water.And you will feel so much more alive!
     Many of us spend a large piece of our vacations on the road, either getting to and from our destinations, or using the car for sightseeing.But no matter how beautiful the scenery is, great, memorable vacations don't happen in a car seat.Don't wait for tiredness or nature's call to get you to pull over.Frequently get out
and stretch, walk, picnic, shop, visit, and have fun.It's important for your health and energy, and it makes
traveling a lot more active and interesting.

1. The writer writes the text mainly to________.

A. introduce the relationship between vacations and health
B. tell us how to make our vacations relaxing
C. show us where we should go for our vacations
D. explain to us why we feel tired when traveling

2. What does the underlined word "refreshed" mean?

A. Full and excited.  
B. Pleasant but fired.
C. Feeling less tired.  
D. Feeling regretted.

3. What advantage can "the activities" in Paragraph 5 bring?

A. They can improve our health as well as making us feel easy.
B. They just can keep us feel excited and confident.
C. They can bring us more chances to get out.
D. They can save us much time and make the trip meaningful.

4. In the last paragraph, the writer seems to advise us to________.

A. go on vacation by car
B. not to spend too much time on the road
C. make a trip on foot
D. get out of the car for sightseeing

     "Congratulations, Mr Jones, it's a girl."
     Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and brings forth a different answer from every man
who hears these words.Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering
whether they will be good fathers.Although there are some men who like children and may have had
considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them.Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time.For other
couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.
     Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that
of father is a difficult task.Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this
remobilization process.Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only
recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
     It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role.The mother's role seems to require complete
transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation；on the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate.However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing number of women
are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

1. According to the author, being a father________.

A. brings a feeling of excitement to males
B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters
C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy
D. means nothing but more responsibilities

2. It is stated in the passage that________.

A. some couples are not prepared to have a child
B. young couples do not like children at all
C. young couples do not have much time to take care of their children
D. many couples look forward to having a boy as their first child

3. The transition to the mother's role requires that the wife________.

A. change her lifestyle in a highly innovative way
B. make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation
C. stay at home to take care of the baby
D. help her husband in his remobilization process

4. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, ______.

A. have to shoulder more burdens
B. have to make more difficult adaptations
C. have an easier job to do
D. can usually do a better job

     Money, jewels and important documents (文件) are not the only valuables placed in banks these days.
  1   There're ten breast banks set up across the United States, where mothers can donate (捐赠) their extra
milk for other women's babies. Experts say breast milk is the best food for babies. The World Health
Organization says it is the only food that babies should get during the first six months of life, in most cases.
   2   Sometimes these premature babies (早产儿) must stay in hospital for many weeks. 
       3   Doctor James Cameron who treats newborns at Lutheran Children's Hospital in Fort Wayne, India
says:"The fact is that there are so many different proteins and specialized sugars in the breast milk that the
mom's able to make that help provide immunity (免疫).It's very important for the health of newborns. 
       4   Donors must be willing to provide almost three liters (公升) of breast milk. They freeze the milk
and take it to the station. There, employees warm the milk and mix it with other mothers' milk. Then, the
milk is heated to kill bacteria (细菌).After that, the technicians test samples of all the milk to make sure it is
safe and healthful. The milk is re-frozen and sent to the main milk bank. The milk bank transports the milk to
hospitals to feed premature or sick babies. To ensure the quality of the breast milk, donors must obey certain
requirements, too.   5   

A. More mothers are willing to donate breast milk.
B. Donors are not permitted to smoke tobacco, use illegal drugs or drink too much alcohol (酒精).
C. The working process (程序)is strict.
D. Some mothers store their breast milk in banks.
E. Breast milk is almost like medicine.
F. Breast milk is babies' main food.
G. Breast milk is especially important for babies born too early.

     "A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right," says Mollie Hunter. Born and
brought up near Edinburgh, Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. She firmly
believes that there is always and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main
market is. In Mollie's opinion it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story, which
is what every writer should be doing."If you aren't telling a story, you're a very dead writer indeed," she says.
With the chief function of a writer being to entertain (让人愉快), Mollie is indeed an entertainer."I have this
great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language," she says. "This love goes back
to early childhood. I've told stories all my life. I had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like
to be when we grew up and, because my family always had dogs, and I was very good at handling them, I said
I wanted to work with dogs, and the teacher always said 'Nonsense, Mollie, dear, you'll be a writer.'So finally
I thought that this woman must have something, since she was a good teacher and I decided when I was nine
that I would be a writer."
     This childhood intention is described in her novel, A Sound of Chariots, which although written in the third
person is clearly autobiographical (自传体的) and gives a picture both of Mollie's ambition (理想) and her
struggle towards its achievement. Thoughts of her childhood inevitably(不可避免地) brought thoughts of the
time when her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fields-sadly now covered with
modern houses."I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my
childhood. I'll never go back," she said."Never.""When I set one of my books in Scotland," she said,"I can
recall my romantic (浪漫的) feelings as a child playing in those fields, or watching the village blacksmith at
work. And that's important, because children now know so much so early that romance can't exist for them,
as it did for us."

1. What does Mollie Hunter feel about the nature of a good book?

A. It should not aim at a narrow audience.
B. It should be attractive to young readers.
C. It should be based on original ideas.
D. It should not include too much conversation.

2. In Mollie Hunter's opinion, which of the following is one sign of a poor writer?

A. Being poor in life experience.
B. Being short of writing skills.
C. The weakness of description.
D. The absence of a story.

3. What do we learn about Mollie Hunter as a young child? 

A. She didn't expect to become a writer.
B. She didn't enjoy writing stories.
C. She didn't have any particular ambitions.
D. She didn't respect her teacher's views.

4. In comparison with children of earlier years, Mollie feels that modern children are _____.

A. more intelligent
B. better informed
C. less eager to learn
D. less interested in reality

5. What's the writer's purpose in this text?

A. To describe Mollie Hunter's most successful books.
B. To share her enjoyment of Mollie Hunter's books.
C. To introduce Mollie Hunter's work to a wider audience.
D. To provide information for Mollie Hunter's existing readers.

     You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be
strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
     First, you must ask yourself, "Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or
from the side?" You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
     Let's start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the
same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度)
to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.
     If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail
half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 ° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch
the wind, but it shouldn't flap (摆动). It shouldn't look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out
too far, and the boat will slow down.
     Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want
to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction
and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside
the boat.

1. What should you consider first while sailing?

A. Sailors' strength.
B. Wave levels.
C. Wind directions.
D. Size of sails.

2. What does the word "It" underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. The boat.
B. The wind.
C. The sail.
D. The angle.

3. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?

A. Move in a straight line.
B. Allow the sail to flap.
C. Lower the sail.
D. Tack the boat.

4. Where can you probably find the text?

A. In a popular magazine.
B. In a tourist guidebook.
C. In a physics textbook.
D. In an official report.