When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and
how do they operate?
     Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short-term,
and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because
they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term, They will also experience
fear.
     Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best.
If they associate you with this emotion of fear. They will become less functional around you, and you will
have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot. but possibly making a very good employee or
partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership.
     The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use
of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day; or we can employ
them at the emotional level, so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own
motivation (积极性). Today's work place is all about relationships.
     Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they are recognized and valued as a human
being as well as a worker.. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand
the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor (因素) in the work
life of most people.
     The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional
intelligence-knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your
emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people
around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

1. An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when _____.

A. he is forced to do things
B. be cannot work at his best
C. he feels his brain shut down
D. he thinks of his work as too heavy

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. People tend to associate leadership with fear
B. Working conditions affect people's physical health
C. Good relationship is the key to business success
D. Smart people are more functional in the work place.

3. To positively influence employees a leader should first of all ______.

A. provide better suggestions
B. develop his own personality
C. five his employees a pay raise
D. hide his own emotion of fear

4. Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader's ability to ______.

A. provide a variety of project for employees
B. help raise employee's living standards
C. give employees specific instructions
D. deal wisely with employees’ emotions

     I love charity (慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them
on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods,
all at very good prices. You can get things you won't find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about
them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you
are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.
     The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity's appeal to aid postwar Greece
had been so successful it had been flooded with donations (捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell
some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My
favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children's books, all 10 or
20 pence each.
     Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets
paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of
unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don't encourage this, rather ask people to bring things
in when the shop is open.     
     The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110
million a year, funding (资助) medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and
disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very
good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.

1. The author loves the charity shop mainly because of ____.

A. its convenient location
B. its great variety of goods
C. its spirit of goodwill
D. its nice shopping environment

2. The first charity shop in the UK was set up to ____.

A. sell cheap products
B. deal with unwanted things
C. raise money for patients
D. help a foreign country

3. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?

A. The operating costs are very low.
B. The staff are usually well paid.
C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.
D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.

4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A. What to Buy a Charity Shops.
B. Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development.
C. Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate.
D. The Public's Concern about Charity Shops.

     We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively (被动地). We achieve it actively by direct
experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.
     We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place
in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is
passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday
communication with friends and co-workers.
     Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told
even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor (谣言).
     Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't
show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn,
whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down
the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically,
the original message has changed.
     That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes
the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a
story, trying to improve on it, stamping (打上标记) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it
think they know.
     This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be
re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue,
unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to
challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

1. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in ______.

A. doing a medical experiment
B. solving a math problem
C. visiting an exhibition
D. doing scientific reasoning

2. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. active learning
B. knowledge
C. communication
D. passive learning

3. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.

A. a message may be changed when being passed on
B. a message should be delivered in different ways
C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing
D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Active learning is less important.
B. Passive learning may not be reliable.
C. Active learning occurs more frequently.
D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

     Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another.
Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries,
choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are
exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies
and advertisers hoping to sell their products.
     The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not
exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many
people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item (商品) that is not
really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family
are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the
professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.
     It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of
products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need
to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical
example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a
problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no
anxiety.

1. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?

A. The exercise of rights is a luxury.
B. The practice of choice is difficult.
C. The right of choice is given but at a price.
D. Choice and right exist at the same time.

2. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.
B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.
C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.
D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the rage of choice.

3. By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that _____.

A. advanced products meet the needs of people
B. products of the latest design flood the market
C. competitions are fierce in high-tech industry
D. everyday goods need to be replaced often

4. What is this passage mainly about?

A. The variety of choices in modern society.
B. The opinions on people's right in different countries.
C. The problems about the availability of everyday goods.
D. The helplessness in purchasing decisions

     I began working in journalism (新闻工作) when I was eight. It was my mother's idea. She wanted me
to "make something" of myself, and decided I had better start young if I was to have any chance of keeping
up with the competition.
     With my load of magazines I headed toward Belleville Avenue. The crowds were there. There were two
gas stations on the corner of Belleville and Union. For several hours I made myself highly visible, making sure
everyone could see me and the heavy black letters on the bag that said THE SATURDAY EVENING POST.
When it was suppertime, I walked back home.
     "How many did you sell, my boy?" my mother asked.
     "None."
     "Where did you go?"
     "The corner of Belleville and Union Avenues."
     "What did you do?"
     "Stood on the corner waiting for somebody to buy a Saturday Evening Post."
     "You just stood there?"
     "Didn't sell a single one."
     "My God, Russell!"
     Uncle Allen put in, "Well, I've decided to take the Post." I handed him a copy and he paid me a nickle (五分
镍币). It was the first nickel I earned.
     Afterwards my mother taught me how to be a salesman. I would have to ring doorbells, address adults with
self-confidence (自信), and persuade them by saying that no one, no matter how poor, could afford to be
without the Saturday Evening Post in the home.
     One day, I told my mother I'd changed my mind. I didn't want to make a success in the magazine business. 
     " If you think you can change your mind like this," she replied, "you'll become a good-for-nothing." She
insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said
no, she would scold me.
     My mother and I had fought this battle almost as long as I could remember. My mother, dissatisfied with
my father's plain workman's life, determined that I would not grow up like him and his people. But never did
she expect that, forty years later, such a successful journalist as me would go back to her husband's people
for true life and love.

1. Why did the boy start his job young?

A. He wanted to be famous in the future.
B. The job was quite easy for him.
C. His mother had high hopes for him.
D. The competition for the job was fierce.

2. From the dialogue between the boy and his mother, we learn that the mother was _____.

A. excited
B. interested
C. ashamed
D. disappointed

3. From the dialogue between the boy and his mother, we learn that the mother was _____.

A. excited
B. interested
C. ashamed
D. disappointed

4. What does the underlined phrase "this battle" (last paragraph) refer to?

A. The war between the boy's parents.
B. The arguing between the boy and his mother.
C. The quarrel between the boy and his customers.
D. The fight between the boy and his father.

5. What is the text mainly about?

A. The early life of a journalist.
B. The early success of a journalist.
C. The happy childhood of the writer.
D. The important role of the writer in his family.

     One morning a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. For this busy man, it was
a sort of alarm: after years of non-stop hard work, he might wear himself out and die an early death.
     Only after a week's leave-during which he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on
a beach-was Rudenstine able to return to work.
     In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there
is a universal but silly saying: "I am so busy."
     We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully
deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others.
To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax-this has become the model
of a successful life.
     Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing is
with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom.
     How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the
week-for followers of some religions-for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a
time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our
children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our
work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world.
     Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our
many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission
to stop work. In fact, "Remember the Sabbath" is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and
a principle to follow.

1. The "alarm" in the first paragraph refers to "______".

A. a signal of stress
B. a warning of danger
C. a sign of age
D. a spread of disease

2. According to Paragraph 4, a successful person is one who is believed to ______.

A. be able to work without stress
B. be more talented than other people
C. be more important than anyone else
D. be busying working without time to rest

3. Some people feel guilty when taking time to rest because they ______.

A. think that taking a rest means lacking ambitions
B. fail to realize that rest is an essential part of life
C. fail to realize that religions force them to rest
D. think that taking a rest means being lazy

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. We should balance work with rest.
B. The Sabbath gives us permission to rest.
C. It is silly for anyone to say "I am busy."
D. We should be available to our family and friends.

     If you boss asks you to work in Moscow this year, he'd better offer you more money to do so-or even
double that depending on where you live now. That's because Moscow has just been found to be the world's
most expensive city for the second year in a row by Mercer Human Resources Consulting.
     Using the cost of living in New York as a base, Mercer determined Moscow is 34.4 percent more expensive
including the cost of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment (娱乐).
     A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper
$6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger (汉堡包) is a steal at $4.80.
     London takes the No.2 place, up from No.5 a year ago, thanks to higher cost of housing and a stronger
British pound relative to the dollar. Mercer estimates (估算) London is 26 percent more expensive than New
York these days. Following London closely are Seoul and Tokyo, both of which are 22 percent more expensive
than New York, while No.5 Hong Kong is 19 percent more costly.
     Among North American cities, New York and Los Angeles are the most expensive and are the only two
listed in the top 50 of the world's most expensive cities. But both have fallen since last year's study-New York
came in 15th, down from 10th place, while Los Angeles fell to 42nd from 29th place a year ago. San Francisco
came in a distant third at No. 54, down 20 places from a year earlier.
     Toronto, meanwhile, is Canada's most expensive city but fell 35 places to take 82nd place worldwide. In
Australia, Sydney is the priciest place to live in and No. 21 worldwide.

1. What do the underlined words "a steal" in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. an act of stealing
B. something delicious
C. something very cheap
D. an act of buying

2. London has become the second most expensive city because of _____.

A. the high cost of clothing
B. the stronger pound against the dollar
C. its expensive transportation
D. the high prices of fast food meals

3. Which city is the third most expensive on the list?

A. Tokyo.
B. Hong Kong.
C. Moscow.
D. Sydney.

4. Which city has dropped most on the list in North America?

A. New York.
B. Los Angeles.
C. San Francisco.
D. Toronto.

Dear all,
     Please read Professor Hume's email about his next lecture on Rosa Parks.
    Susan Miller
    Secretary
Dear Susan,
     Please forward this message to students of my history class.
     Besides the life story of Rosa Parks in the textbook, the students are also required to read the passage
below and some related stories that can be borrowed from the school library.
     Ted Hume
     The early experiences of Rosa Parks (1913-2005), long known as the"mother of the civil rights movement,
"were not different from those of many African-Americans at that time. The black woman, however, turned
the course of American history in December 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white
man."By sitting down,"remarked John Lewis,"she was standing up for all Americans."
     Among the numerous awards Parks received in her life were the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1996) and
the Congressional Gold Medal (1999).
     Parks died on Oct. 24, 2005. At St. Paul A. M. E. Church in Montgomery, a large crowd including
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice celebrated her life. Rice said she and others, who grew up when the
political activities of Parks held public attention, might not have realized her impact (影响) on their lives, "but
I can honestly say that without Mrs. Parks, I probably would not be standing here as Secretary of State."
     After her casket (灵柩) was placed at the Capitol, U. S. President Bush, members of Congress and ordinary
Americans paid their respects. In American history Parks is the first woman to lie in state at the Capitol, a very
high regard usually reserved for Presidents of the United States.

1. What is the main purpose of Susan's email?

A. To make arrangements for Professor Hume's class.
B. To introduce to the students Rosa Parks.
C. To help the students organize a lecture.
D. To answer Professor Hume's last email.

2. What does the underlined word "forward" mean?

A. Explain.
B. Send.
C. Take.
D. Read.

3. The political impact of Rosa Parks lies in the fact that she.

A. helped Condoleezza Rice achieve political success
B. joined the civil rights movement at a young age
C. made racial equality a common value in American society
D. set a good example in her early life for other black Americans

4. How was Rosa Parks treated after her death?

A. She was named "mother of the civil rights movement."
B. She was received by President Bush at the Capitol.
C. She was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
D. She was honored to lie in state at the Capitol.

     What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?
     Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison, an "Official
Taste Tester" for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product's quality. During
his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream-as well as for
developing over 75 flavors (味道).
     Some people think that it would be easy to do this job; after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No-
there's more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or
food-science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a career in this "cool" field.
     In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream
warm up to about 12 F. Harrison explains,"You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some
kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup."
     While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance.
"Tasting begins with the eyes," he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself,
"Does the product have the colour expected from that flavor?" Next it's time to taste!
     Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream
each day keeps Harrison busy but happy-working at one cool job.

1. What is John Harrison's job?

A. An official.
B. An ice-cream taster.
C. A chemist.
D. An ice-cream manufacturer.

2. According to John Harrison, to be qualified in the "cool field", it is helpful to _____.

A. keep a diary of work
B. have a degree in related subjects
C. have new ideas everyday
D. find out new flavors each day

3. What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?

A. He stirs the ice cream
B. He examines the colour of the ice cream
C. He tastes the flavors of the ice cream
D. He lets the ice cream warm up