Soaring divorce rates around the globe are taking a toll on the environment, American researchers suggested in a study released on a Monday.

Michigan State University researcher Jianguo “Jack” Liu and his assistant Eunice Yu said the increasing number of divorces leads to more households with fewer people and greater consumption of water and energy. They said housing units require space, construction materials and fuel to heat and cool, regardless of the number of inhabitants.

For example, in the United States in 2005, divorced households consumed an extra 73 billion kilowatt hours of electricity and 627 billion gallons of water. An additional 38 million extra rooms required heating and lighting that same year due to divorced households.

That costs $6.9 billion in extra utility costs per year, Liu said, plus an added $ 3.6 billion for water, in addition to other costs such as land use.

“A married household actually uses resources more efficiently than a divorced household,” Liu said. He said that in cohabitating(同居) household, people will watch the same television, share the air conditioning and heat and use the same refrigerator. All things use energy at a regularly stable rate, regardless of the number of users.

 Liu said he was not condemning divorce, “Some people really need to get divorced.” He said cohabitation—whether by a family or friends—was simply a more environmentally friendly option. Additonally, the researchers noted that trends other than divorce are also changing family living structures, such as the end of multiple generations of a family sharing a home and people remaining single longer.

“People’s first reaction to this research is surprise, and then it seems simple.” Liu said in a press release. “But a lot of things become simple after research is done. Our challenges were to connect the dots and quantify(量化) their relationships. People have been talking about how to protect the environment and fight against climate change, but divorce is a factor that people don’t notice and it needs to be considered”.

He said the increasing energy demands caused by divorce should be considered by governments when they are creating environmental policies.

The research was published in this week’s online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

This passage is mainly meant to _______ .

  A. inform the readers of the increasing rates of divorce in America

  B. emphasize the importance of protecting the environment

  C. appeal to married people to maintain their marriage longer

  D. tell people the impact divorce has on the environment

According to the passage, what’s the attitude of Mr. Liu towards divorce?

  A. Critical   .             B. Indifferent.               C. Objective.                D. Negative.

We are told that ______ .

  A. divorced households will use fewer resources than married households

  B. married households are more willing to protect the environment

  C. divorced households contribute more to rapid economic development

  D. divorce is rarely considered when people think about protecting the environment.

The underlined phrase “taking a toll on” in Paragraph 1 probably means _____ .

  A. taking efforts to improve                         B. having a bad effect on 

  C. preventing the pollution of                        D. benefiting from

How is the passage organized?

  A. Main idea →Comparison → Supporting details

  B. Comparison→Argument→Explanation

  C. Main idea→Supporting details→Conclusion

  D. Example → Explanation → Conclusion

Plants need water and sunlight to grow well. _____, a healthy body requires a balanced diet.  A. Formally       B. Generally    C. Similarly     D. Scientifically

— I _______ James this evening and ask her to come to my party.

  — Don’t phone her between 6 and 7 o’clock. She _______ a bath.

       A. am about to call; will behaving               B. am going to call; is having

       C. am about to call; is having                     D. am going to call; will be having

__________ he took part in the competition, he won a second prize. 

A. The first time               B. For the first time         C. At a time                       D. At one time

—Do you live __________ near Jim? 

—No, he lives in another part of the town .

A．somewhere                B．nowhere                     C．anywhere                     D．everywhere

______it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in the sea when you visit Hawaii!

   A. What fun    B. What a fun   C.  How fun   D. How a fun

From his _______ look, we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such _______ questions to him.

A. confused; confusing                       B. confusing; confused  

C. confusing; confusing                      D. confused; confused

作为中学生，你肯定经历过多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据提示内容，简要概述中学生普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。

  要求：（1）题目自拟；

       （2）词数：100-120。

He often helps the students _______ he thinks are not quick at their studies.

  A. whom   B. who   C. when   D. because

This problem is far _____ me. I can’t work it out on my own. 

  A. over                  B. above                C. from                        D. beyond