What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events．One is alcohol．Many fans drink a lot at games．When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things．Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud．Normally nonviolent people become destructive．”

David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, “These are often celebratory riots— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol．They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly．”

Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd．When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility．Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone．People in crowds feel anonymous — no one knows who they are．Crowds also make people feel powerful．They stop making personal decisions．They just follow the crowd．Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality．”

Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate．They want to drink hard and make trouble．Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there．You get a mob mentality．People think it’s OK to do almost anything．They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them．’ ”

       Social psychologist Dr．Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent violence．Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important．Officials should also think of games as “big parties．” Then they will prepare differently．Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums．“When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly．”

1．Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs?

       A．There’s a connection between violence and sports

       B．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．

       C．There are many reasons for violence at sports events．

       D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion．

2．Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?

       A．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy．”

       B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing．”

       C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them．”

       D．“ No one knows I’m doing this．”

3．How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

       A．Two．                B．Four．                  C．Three．           D．Five．

4．The last paragraph is mainly about ______．

       A．how to turn games into big parties

       B．why to install cameras in stadiums

       C．how to prevent violence at sports events

       D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly

5．What lesson can we learn from this passage?

       A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are．

       B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．

       C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．

       D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there．

阅读下面短文，并根据要求完成文章后的题目。

The need for love is deeply rooted in the human psyche（精神，心灵）．Love is a way of overcoming the feeling of human separateness．Separateness, according to psychologists, means to be cut off, helpless and alone in the world．It is the source of all anxiety．

                   ．It can be selfish and possessive, or unselfish and giving．Abraham Maslow distinguishes between two kinds of love: B-love and D-love．B-love or “being-love” means love for another person: an unselfish love not dependent upon your own needs．D-love or “deficiency-love” is a selfish possessive love which is based upon someone else’s ability to satisfy your needs．

D-love is conditional: it depends upon whether personal needs continue to be met…．But B-love is unconditional: it depends not upon what you do, but upon who

you are．Furthermore, as it depends on who you are, it is possible only when you allow yourself to be known to the other person．

The psychologist Erich Fromm also distinguishes between two types of love, namely, immature love, called by him symbiotic union（共生体）, and mature love．Symbiotic union is an immature love based upon the satisfaction of needs and is similar to Maslow’s concept of D-love．

Mature love, on the other hand, is a relationship that allows individuals to retain （保持） their independence, their identity, and their integrity．In mature love people can overcome their sense of separateness yet continue to be themselves．The immature lover would say, “I love you because I need you．” the mature one: “I need you because I love you．”

1．What would be a proper title for the passage? （within 5 words）

2．Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

All worries and fears result from it．

3．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with a proper sentence．（within 7 words）

4．Which do you prefer, D-love or B-love? Why? （within 30 words）

5．Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese．

请阅读下面一则短信（message）：

中国人在食品里完成了化学教育。从大米里认识了石蜡；从火腿里认识了敌敌畏；从咸鸭蛋、辣椒里认识了苏丹红；从银耳、蜜枣里认识了硫磺。今天三鹿奶粉又让中国人知道了三聚氰胺（melamine）……

食品安全（food safety）已经给中国人的健康敲响了警钟，谈谈你的认识。

词数：120~150  

If China’s space technology has achieved ____ breakthrough in this field, it really is ____ amazing wonder．

A．the; an         B．a; an         C．不填; the           D．a; 不填

He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he ____ it differently．

A．could express                                  B．would express

C．could have expressed                          D．must have expressed

____ that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the London Olympic Games, what will you do?

A．Assumed     B．Assuming        C．To assume      D．To be assumed

---What’s your impression of the Great Wall?

---Wonderful! Once ____ , it can never be forgotten．

A．seen         B．seeing          C．being seen           D．saw

Barack Obama delivered a speech to 500 local youths during his visit to China, many of ____ from Fudan University and Tongji University．

A．them               B．whom              C．which          D．who

You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had ____ her children．

A．brought up                    B．to bring up

C．bringing up                            D．to have brought up

After five hours’ drive, they reached ____ they thought was the place they had been dreaming of．

A．where          B．what         C．which         D．that