In Antarctica，when t答案解析

    In Antarctica，when the long dark winter gives way to spring, ice begins to melt, and the sun stays in the sky all night long.

Into this brightly lit world, the large gray head of a Weddell  seal(韦德尔海豹)appears through a crack in the ice. The seal takes several deep breaths, and then she opens her mouth, turning her head from side to side. With her teeth, she gets rid of bits of ice. Seals are mammals, and they need to breathe air, for which Weddell seals use their teeth to make sure their breathing holes stay open.

The seal makes the hole bigger, and when she can fit her large body through it, she jumps out onto the ice—she is getting ready to have a baby. On the ice shelf, the Weddell seal gives birth to a pup(小海豹).The pup is about three feet long and is covered with thick fur that protects it from the cold wind. The pup drinks its mother’s milk and grows quickly. Within a few weeks, it is more than six feet long. Under the seal’s skin is a thick layer of fat called blubber, which keeps the seal warm in its frozen world.

     When the pup is about two weeks old, it begins to dive with its mother. They slide through the breathing hole into the water below the ice, where the pup learns to swim, diving deeper and deeper. In order to stay underwater, it must learn to hold its breath and control its heart rate.

     Below the ice, the sun shines brightly through the hole. Finding the opening to breathe is easy, but getting back onto the slippery ice can be difficult for a young seal. With practice and its mother’s help, the pup soon feels at home both on the ice and under it.

     The young seal spends more and more time below the ice, where it learns to hunt for food. When the pup is about two months old, it will have to feed itself independently. When the pup becomes an adult, it will swim farther out in search of food, but it will always live on or under the ice.

67. Paragraph 2 is mainly about_________.

A. the function of Weddell seals’ teeth

B. the living conditions of Weddell seals

C. how Weddell seals move under the ice

D. how Weddell seals keep their breathing holes open

68. According to Paragraph 3 ,the pup __________.

A. grows slowly             B. is born in winter

C. is born under the sea       D. is covered with thick fur

69. The pup begins learning to swim and dive when it is about ________

A. two days old            B. two weeks old

C. two months old          D. two years old

70. For a young Weddell seal,___________.

A. its father’s help is important

B. getting onto the ice shelf is easy

C. finding the breathing hole is easy

D. learning to hunt for food is unnecessary

In Antarctica(南极), when spring comes, ice begins to melt, and the sun stays in the sky all night long.

In the brightly world, the large gray head of a Weddell seal (威德尔海豹) appears through a crack (裂缝) in the ice. The seal takes several deep breaths, and then she opens her mouth, turning her head from side to side. With her teeth, she gets rid of bits of ice. Seals are mammals(哺乳动物), and they need to breathe air, for which Weddell seals use their teeth to make sure their breathing holes stay open.

The seal makes the hole bigger, and when she can fit her large body through it, she jumps out onto the ice—she is getting ready to have a baby. On the ice shelf, the seal gives birth to a baby. The baby is about three feet long and is covered with thick fur that protects it from the cold wind. The baby drinks its mother’s milk and grows quickly. With a few weeks, it is more than six feet long. Under the seal’s skin is thick layer of fat called blubber, which keeps the seal warm in its frozen world.

When the baby seal is about two weeks old, it begins to dive with its mother. They slide through the breathing hole into the water below the ice, where the baby seal learns to swim, diving deeper and deeper. In order to stay underwater, it must learn to hold its breath and control its heart rate.

Below the ice, the sun shines brightly through the hole. Finding the opening to breathe is easy, but getting back onto the slippery ice can be difficult for a young seal. With practice and its mother’s help, the baby seal soon feels at home both on the ice and under it.

The young seal spends more and more time below the ice, where it learns to hunt for food. When the young seal is about two months old, it will have to feed itself independently. When it becomes an adult, it will swim farther out in search of food, but it will always live on or under the ice.

71. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________.

A. the function of Weddell seals’ teeth

B. the living conditions of Weddlel seals

C. how Weddell seals move under the ice  

D. how Weddell seals keep their breathing holes open

72. According to Paragraph 3, the baby seal ________.

A. grows slowly                                   B. is still short after a few weeks

C. is born under the ice                        D. is covered with thick fur

73. The baby seal begins learning to swim and dive when it is about ________.

A. two days old                         B. two weeks old

C. two months old                        D. two years old

74. For a young Weddell seal, ________.

A. its father’s help is important                 B. getting onto the ice shelf is easy

C. finding the breathing hole is easy           D. learning to hunt for food is unnecessary

75. The text is mainly about ________.

A. Weddell seals’ life                                B. animals on and under the ice

C. how Weddell seals keep warm                     D. what the winter in Antarctica is like

In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp -like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.
About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had figured nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.
That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp-like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.
“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”
“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said when talking about the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two-minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.
The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp-like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?
Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.
But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm-wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small area,” she said.
“Yet scientists were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t,” Kim said.
“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim said.
“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.
【小题1】. Scientists had believed that harsh environments could only have been populated by ______ .

A．researchers will look at the places the creatures came from

B．ice scientists will drill deeper to find more creatures

C．scientists know very little about the planet they live on

D．further research will be done about what the creatures live on

Isn’t it cool to surf (冲浪) in summer? You catch a wave and enjoy the ride. Surfing is not only our favorite sport, though. A group of penguins (企鹅) enjoy the sport as much as we do. And they show their excitement and skills in the new animated film —Surf`s Up, which came out on June 6, in the US.

    Cody loves the sport. Cody’s idol (偶像) is Big Z, a great penguin surfing king. Cody doesn’t like his brother and his mother who are not supportive. He really wants to get away. Cody believes that winning a surfing competition will bring him admiration and respect. When Mikey Abromowitz, a talent scout (侦察员), comes to Antarctica to look for talented penguins for a surfing competition, Cody’s really excited, but during his show there are no waves and he doesn’t make it. But he knows he can’t give up. He runs after Mikey’s whale and begs until Mikey agrees to take him.

    There Cody meets Lani, the island’s beautiful lifeguard, as well as his main rival (对手), the surfing champion Evans. The cocky Evans shows no respect for Big Z, which makes Cody angry. For this, he challenges Evans to a surfing match, only to suffer a terrible defeat.

    Lani takes Cody to the island doctor. As they spend time together, Cody realizes that this doctor is really Big Z himself. When he learns this, Cody begs him to train him and make him a better surfer.

    Cody begins to find his own way. Cody improves his skills with the help of Big Z and discovers that a true winner isn’t always the one who comes in first.

1.The passage mainly tells us ______.

A. that winning can bring you good luck and respect

B. how a penguin can be a good surfer

C. about a new animated film —Surf`s Up

D. about the life of a teenage penguin called Cody

2.Which of the following statements about Big Z is NOT true?

A. He is a great penguin surfing king.

B. He doesn’t help Cody with surfing although Cody begs him.

C. He works as a doctor after he leaves surfing.

D. He is loved by the teenage penguin Cody.

3.The underlined part “doesn’t make it” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.

A. feels very sad                     B. can’t breathe freely

C. is not successful             D. can’t continue surfing

4.Which of the following statements about Cody is NOT true?

A. He likes surfing and lives in Antarctica.

B. He thinks winning will win him the respect of others at first.

C. He gets along well with his brother and his mother.

D. He is defeated by Evans in a surfing match.

Isn’t it cool to surf in summer? You catch a wave and enjoy the ride with skill and gift. Surfing is not only our favorite pastime, though. A group of penguins(企鹅) enjoy the sport as much as we do. And they display their excitement and skills in the new animated(动画) film Surf's Up , which came out on June 6, in the US.

Teenage penguin Cody Maverick lives in Antarctica and loves the sport. He desires to learn from Cody's idol is Big Z, a great penguin surfing king.

He is different from other penguins, who work in processing factories. His brother and mother are not supportive of him. He really wants to get away. Cody believes that winning will bring him the admiration and respect he desires. He's given the chance to escape when Mikey Abromowitz, a talent scout (星探), comes to Antarctica to look for gifted penguins for a surfing competition on an island named Pen Gu.

Cody's really excited, but, during his show, there are no waves and he chokes. But he knows he can't give up. He runs after Mikey's whale. And he begs until Mikey agrees to take him to Pen Gu.

There Cody meets Lani, the island's beautiful lifeguard, as well as his main rival (对手), the surfing champion Evans. The cocky Evans shows no respect for Big Z, which makes Cody angry. In order to defend his forever idol, he challenges Evans to a surfing match, only to suffer a terrible defeat.

Lani takes Cody to the island doctor. As they spend time together, Cody realizes that this doctor is really Big Z himself and begged Big Z to teach him.After Big Z learns the cause of his injury, he begins to train Cody and help him make a good surfer. He improves his skills and begins a close surfing match with Evans….

The best title for the passage would be________.

A. Big Z, a legendary penguin surfing king.

B. Penguins Cody's Trip to Antarctica

C. How To Be a Good Surfer

D A New Animated Film— Surf's Up

Which of the following is WRONG about Teenage penguin Cody Maverick?

A. He is fond of surfing and lives in Antarctica

B. He gets along well with his brother and brother.

C. He is defeated by Evans in a surfing match.

D. He thinks winning will win the respect of others.

Who does penguin Cody Maverick respect most?

A. Mikey Abromowitz   B. Evans     C. Lani    D. Big Z

The underlined word “chokes” in the fifth paragraph means_______.

A. fails    B. stops breathing    C. feels out of breath   D. holds his breath

It can be inferred from the passage it is probably _______that makes Big Z accept him and help him improve his skills.

A. his honesty and stubbornness        B. his determination and cleverness

C. his determination and devotion       D. his self-importance and courage

Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica.
You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap -- a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (茎) are leaves that act like traps (陷阱). Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: "attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen (氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why?
Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soft is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize (施肥) them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly.
【小题1】According to the passage, a Venus' flytrap ______.

For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a shutter button, they produce remarkable pictures．Under the sea, deep in the woods and high in the sky, furry, feathery and leathery-skinned creatures are opening up vistas（远景）by taking cameras where no human can go．
This is the world of animal-borne imagine celebrated last month at a conference sponsored(supported) by the National Geographic Society for the 20th anniversary of its Crittercam, the device that started it all．
Since its debut（首次公开露面）in 1987 on the back of a turtle, the Crittercam and similar devices developed by others have grown smaller and more powerful．
“It’s more than just a camera now,” said Greg Marshall, the marine biologist and now filmmaker who invented the Crittercam．“We are now including more instruments to gather more data while at the same time reducing everything in size．”
The idea of attaching video cameras to animals came to Mr．Marshall in 1986 on a dive off Belize when a shark apporached him．When the animal quickly turned away, he noticed a shark with a sucker fish on its belly．He came up with the idea that putting a camera in place of the sucker fish would allow people to witness the shark’s behavior without disturbing it．
Crittercams have been attached to sharks, sea lions and other marine animals, and, more recently, to land animals．
Birds are a new addition, Mr．Marshall said．Dr．Christian Rutz of Oxford recently reported on tiny cameras called feathercams that monitor the crows in the South Pacific．It has discovered that crows are smarter than anyone knew they not only use twigs（嫩枝）and grass stems as tools to root out food, but they also save their favorite tools to use again．
Tracey L．Rogers, director of the Australian Marine Mammal Research Center in Sydney, said crittercam was a powerful tool in her work with leopard seals（豹斑海豹）in Antarctica．“In studying animals,” Dr．Rogers said at the meeting, “you want to see how our animal models align（与……一致）with reality．With a camera, you actually see what they do．You don’t have to guess．”
【小题1】What’s the text mainly about?

In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp —— like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.
About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had thought nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.
That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp – like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.
“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” Said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”
“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said of the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two – minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.
The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp – like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?
Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.
But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm – wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small of an area,” she said.
Yet scientist were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t, Kim said.
“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim Sai.
“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.
【小题1】 What does the underlined word “harsh” probably mean?

Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica.

You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap -- a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (茎) are leaves that act like traps (陷阱). Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.

The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.

Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: "attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time.

All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen (氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why?

Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soft is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize (施肥) them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly.

1.According to the passage, a Venus' flytrap ______.

A．is a small plant which grows in a container

B．is a kind of plant which gets hungry easily

C．can trap and feed on some form of insects

D．can only grow 6-8 inches tall

2.From the passage, we can infer that ______.

A．meat-eating plants are found nowhere else except Antarctica

B．all green plants get nitrogen from the soil

C．meat-eating plants endanger humans in science-fiction stories

D．the nutrient-poor soil is beneficial to meat-eating plants

3.Meat-eating plants grow very slowly, ______.

A．so you'd better fertilize them

B．probably because the supply of nitrogen is cut off

C．simply because they can't absorb nitrogen from the soil

D．and then they will die slowly

4.Which of the following is true?

A．Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants.

B．It's hard to get nutrients in the soil when acidity is high.

C．The Venus' flytrap eats flies to get nutrient from them.

D．Green plants make sugar at night.

For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a shutter button, they produce remarkable pictures．Under the sea, deep in the woods and high in the sky, furry, feathery and leathery-skinned creatures are opening up vistas（远景）by taking cameras where no human can go．

This is the world of animal-borne imagine celebrated last month at a conference sponsored(supported) by the National Geographic Society for the 20th anniversary of its Crittercam, the device that started it all．

Since its debut（首次公开露面）in 1987 on the back of a turtle, the Crittercam and similar devices developed by others have grown smaller and more powerful．

“It’s more than just a camera now,” said Greg Marshall, the marine biologist and now filmmaker who invented the Crittercam．“We are now including more instruments to gather more data while at the same time reducing everything in size．”

The idea of attaching video cameras to animals came to Mr．Marshall in 1986 on a dive off Belize when a shark apporached him．When the animal quickly turned away, he noticed a shark with a sucker fish on its belly．He came up with the idea that putting a camera in place of the sucker fish would allow people to witness the shark’s behavior without disturbing it．

Crittercams have been attached to sharks, sea lions and other marine animals, and, more recently, to land animals．

Birds are a new addition, Mr．Marshall said．Dr．Christian Rutz of Oxford recently reported on tiny cameras called feathercams that monitor the crows in the South Pacific．It has discovered that crows are smarter than anyone knew they not only use twigs（嫩枝）and grass stems as tools to root out food, but they also save their favorite tools to use again．

Tracey L．Rogers, director of the Australian Marine Mammal Research Center in Sydney, said crittercam was a powerful tool in her work with leopard seals（豹斑海豹）in Antarctica．“In studying animals,” Dr．Rogers said at the meeting, “you want to see how our animal models align（与……一致）with reality．With a camera, you actually see what they do．You don’t have to guess．”

What’s the text mainly about?

A．The advantages of crittercam．

B．The development of Crittercams in the past 20 years．

C．How crittercam was invented．

D．How crittercam works．

What inspired Marshall to invent crittercam?

A．The sight of sucker fish clinging to a shark on a dive．

B．The thought of how to photograph animals better．

C．Noticing a shark eating a sucker fish on a dive．

D．Seeing a shark with a camera on its belly on a dive．

According to Dr．Rogers, crittercam ____．

A．can clear up all your doubts about animals

B．is the most powerful tool in studying animals

C．enabled her to observe the crows in the South Pacific closely

D．helped a lot with her research on leopard seals in Antarctica

All of the following are improvements of crittercams EXCEPT that ____．

A．the size is becoming smaller

B．more instruments are involved to gather more data

C．they allow researchers to see where and how animals live

D．they are able to be applied to smaller animals such as birds

In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp —— like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.

About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had thought nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.

That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp – like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.

“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” Said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”

“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said of the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two – minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.

The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp – like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?

Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.

But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm – wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small of an area,” she said.

Yet scientist were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t, Kim said.

“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim Sai.

“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.

1. What does the underlined word “harsh” probably mean?

A. cold           B. loud          C. cruel           D. ugly

2. According to Kim, the shrimp – like creature        .

A. swam great distances to Antarctic                B. has always lived in the region

C. gradually evolved from shrimps                    D. has nothing in common with shrimps

3. The finding is significant in that           .

A. it marks NASA’S first Antarctic biological study

B. it proves there is marine life in the Antarctic

C. it could inspire further study of life in harsh environments

D. it shows that Lyssianasid amphipod is closely related to shrimps

4. Which of the following statements about the discovery is FALSE?

A. Complex life usually lives on other forms of life.

B. Scientists saw two creatures in the two – minute video.

C. It is possible for creatures to live 180 meters below the ice though there is no light.

D. Scientists captured the shrimp – like creature in a camera by drilling a hole through the ice.

In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp -like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.

About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had figured nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.

That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp-like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.

“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”

“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said when talking about the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two-minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.

The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp-like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?

Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.

But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm-wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small area,” she said.

“Yet scientists were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t,” Kim said.

“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim said.

“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.

1.. Scientists had believed that harsh environments could only have been populated by ______ .

    A. jellyfish    B. mammals     C. microbes     D. shrimp-like creatures

2. According to Kim, the shrimp-like creature _________ .

    A. swam great distances to Antarctic    B. has always lived in the area

    C. gradually evolved from shrimps       D. has nothing in common with shrimps

3. The finding is significant in that __________.

A. it marks NASA’S first Antarctic biological study

    B. it proves there is marine life in the Antarctic

    C. it could inspire further study of life in harsh environments

    D. it shows that Lyssianasid amphipod is closely related to shrimps

4.. The last three paragraphs suggest that __________.

    A. researchers will look at the places the creatures came from

    B. ice scientists will drill deeper to find more creatures

    C. scientists know very little about the planet they live on

    D. further research will be done about what the creatures live on

“Find a job you love, and you’ll never work a day in your life.” Do you agree with this old saying? Joanne Gordon does. She is the author of Be Happy at work and other books about careers(职业). Gordon believes that about 30% of employees(雇员) in North America do not like their jobs, and she thinks that is terrible. She wants to help people who do not feel satisfied with their jobs find work that is good for them. Joanne says, “There are no happy jobs, only happy workers.” She believes that happy workers share three main characteristics.

First, happy workers enjoy the daily activities of their jobs, and they look forward to the workday. Take Tony Hawk, for example. At age 14, he became a professional skateboarder. Now he is a businessman working on projects related to skateboarding—films and video games, but he still skates every day. He once said, “My youngest son’s pre-school was recently asked what their dads do for work. My son said, ‘I’ve never seen my dad do work.’” Tony agrees that his job doesn’t look like work. He has found a way to spend each day doing a job he enjoys.

Second, happy workers like the people they work with. Sally Ayote says, “I work with the coolest people in the world.” She and her group cook for almost 1,200 people in Antarctica. Most of these people are scientists who are doing research. Sally loves to sit and talk with them. She says, “There is no television here, no radio, so I get to know the scientists and what they’re studying.” Sally thinks she has a great job, and the best part about it is the people.

Third, happy workers know that their work helps others. Caroline Baron’s work helps people who have had to leave their home countries because of war or other dangers. She is a filmmaker who started an organization called FilmAid, which shows movies in refugee(难民) camps around the world. Caroline believes that movies can be very helpful in these camps. For one thing, entertaining movies let refugees forget their troubles for a little while. Movies can also teach important subjects like health and safety. For example, in one camp, thousands of refugees saw a movie about how to get clean water. Caroline knows that is helping other people, and this makes her feel proud and happy about her work.

Tony Hawk, Sally Ayote, and Caroline Baron all get great satisfaction from their work. Tony Hawk says, “Find the thing you love. If you are doing what you love, there is much more happiness there than being rich or famous.” Joanne Gordon would agree. She encourages people to find something they enjoy doing, find people they like to work with, and find ways to help others. Then they can be proud of what they do, and they will probably be happy at work.

1.Who is the book, Be Happy at Work, written for?

A. Joanne Gordon herself.

B. Tony Hawk, Sally Ayote, and Caroline Baron.

C. People who do not feel satisfied with their jobs.

D. The workers who agree with the author’s ideas.

2.Why did Tony Hawk’s son say, “I’ve never seen my dad do work.”?

A. Because Tony Hawk’s job doesn’t look like work.

B. Because Tony Hawk always finds something enjoyable in his job.

C. Because Tony helps people forget their troubles while skating.

D. Because the best part about his job is to spend each day skating.

3.Tony Hawk, Sally Ayote, and Caroline Baron are good examples that show us ____________.

A. how to be a successful businessman

B. how to help people in difficulties

C. how to get along with the coolest people

D. how to become a happy worker

4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Some people believe that only a few kinds of jobs can really make people feel happy.

B. The writer of the passage tells us that many different kinds of work can be enjoyable.

C. The author of Be Happy at Work thinks that happiness at work is really important.

D. Joanne Gordon believes that people will probably be happy at work when they are proud of what they do.

Some scientists warn that ice near the Earth’s Poles may indeed be melting. This “polar meltdown” may be the first sign that the Earth is heating up. We could be in very serious trouble if this trend continues. It is estimated that a meltdown of as little as 10 percent of Antarctica’s ice would raise sea levels around the globe by 4 to 9 meters. Floods would cover low-lying regions and turn coastal cities like New York and New Orleans into real life underwater world.

Scientists first predicted in the 1970s that heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere could cause a polar meltdown. Many now believe that human activities are turning up the heat. When we burn fossil fuels like coal and oil, we add carbon dioxide(CO2) gas to the Earth’s atmosphere. Cutting down trees also makes CO2 levels raise because trees normally soak up CO2 to make food. Scientists say higher CO2 levels strengthen the “greenhouse effect” and could increase the Earth’s temperature. In fact, CO2 levels have risen by 30 percent since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Over the past three years, satellite measurements have shown a sea level rise of about a quarter inch worldwide. “If nothing is done to reduce fossil-fuel pollution and global warming, sea levels will rise even more.” says geologist Richard Alley.

But even Alley admits that a polar meltdown would take time. The ice in Antarctica and Arctic locks up nearly nine times the volume of water contained in all the world’s rivers and lakes. These are such big “ice cubes” and it would probably take thousands of years to melt them.

Another scientist Charles Bentley doesn’t think a meltdown will happen at all. “Even if warmer temperatures begin to melt polar-ice,” he says, “the excess moisture would most likely be redeposit as snow.” In other words, the melted ice would evaporate into the atmosphere, refreeze, and fall as rain and snow over the Poles.

What consequence of global warming is mentioned in the passage?

A. More tropical storms.       B. More tropical diseases.

C. Changes in farm productivity.   D. Coastal flooding.

Which of the following statements does the second paragraph support?

A. CO2 in the atmosphere cannot keep the heat from escaping into space.

B. The increase of CO2 gas may warm the planet and help to melt polar ice.

C. Cutting down trees helps to greatly reduce CO2 levels.

D. The end of the short-lived age of fossil fuels is already in sight.

Geologist Richard Alley most likely agrees that _______.

A. the sea-level rise can be prevented by cutting back on energy-consuming activities

B. the recent breaking off of ice blocks from Antarctica is just a natural part of a long-term cycle

C. Antarctica temperatures have significantly changed since the Industrial Revolution

D. the polar meltdown may be an accidental change of climate rather than a sign of global warming

Charles Bentley believes that a polar meltdown will not occur because _______.

A. governments around the world are beginning to reduce CO2 levels in the air

B. a melting of the polar ice cannot be achieved with the present technologies

C. the melted ice in the polar areas would change into snow and rain over the Poles

D. the sun’s heat would have no chance of being absorbed by the polar ice

In which paragraph does the author mention the immense quantities of polar ice?

A. In the second paragraph.   B. In the third paragraph.

C. In the fourth paragraph.    D. In the fifth paragraph.

For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a shutter button, they produce remarkable pictures．Under the sea, deep in the woods and high in the sky, furry, feathery and leathery-skinned creatures are opening up vistas（远景）by taking cameras where no human can go．

This is the world of animal-borne imagine celebrated last month at a conference sponsored(supported) by the National Geographic Society for the 20th anniversary of its Crittercam, the device that started it all．

Since its debut（首次公开露面）in 1987 on the back of a turtle, the Crittercam and similar devices developed by others have grown smaller and more powerful．

“It’s more than just a camera now,” said Greg Marshall, the marine biologist and now filmmaker who invented the Crittercam．“We are now including more instruments to gather more data while at the same time reducing everything in size．”

The idea of attaching video cameras to animals came to Mr．Marshall in 1986 on a dive off Belize when a shark apporached him．When the animal quickly turned away, he noticed a shark with a sucker fish on its belly．He came up with the idea that putting a camera in place of the sucker fish would allow people to witness the shark’s behavior without disturbing it．

Crittercams have been attached to sharks, sea lions and other marine animals, and, more recently, to land animals．

Birds are a new addition, Mr．Marshall said．Dr．Christian Rutz of Oxford recently reported on tiny cameras called feathercams that monitor the crows in the South Pacific．It has discovered that crows are smarter than anyone knew they not only use twigs（嫩枝）and grass stems as tools to root out food, but they also save their favorite tools to use again．

Tracey L．Rogers, director of the Australian Marine Mammal Research Center in Sydney, said crittercam was a powerful tool in her work with leopard seals（豹斑海豹）in Antarctica．“In studying animals,” Dr．Rogers said at the meeting, “you want to see how our animal models align（与……一致）with reality．With a camera, you actually see what they do．You don’t have to guess．”

1.What’s the text mainly about?

A．The advantages of crittercam．

B．The development of Crittercams in the past 20 years．

C．How crittercam was invented．

D．How crittercam works．

2. What inspired Marshall to invent crittercam?

A．The sight of sucker fish clinging to a shark on a dive．

B．The thought of how to photograph animals better．

C．Noticing a shark eating a sucker fish on a dive．

D．Seeing a shark with a camera on its belly on a dive．

3. According to Dr．Rogers, crittercam ____．

A．can clear up all your doubts about animals

B．is the most powerful tool in studying animals

C．enabled her to observe the crows in the South Pacific closely

D．helped a lot with her research on leopard seals in Antarctica

4. All of the following are improvements of crittercams EXCEPT that ____．

A．the size is becoming smaller

B．more instruments are involved to gather more data

C．they allow researchers to see where and how animals live

D．they are able to be applied to smaller animals such as birds

    The total continent of Antarctica, from its mountains to the seas full of blue whales, emperor penguins and leopard seals, is, by means of international agreement, classified as a nature preserve. The Antarctic Treaty took effect in 1998, and doesn’t allow mining and oil drilling for at least fifty years anywhere within the boundaries of Antarctica. The treaty places a strong emphasis on the protection of the natural environment but not development. All wildlife threats including dogs and chemicals used for killing pests are also banned.

    The agreement has been set by some countries to keep Antarctica free of commercialism and industrial development. This agreement was signed in 1991 by the 26 leading nations with scientific interest in the land. Some of the nations in the agreement are the United States, Russia, China, India, Japan, Argentina, Brazil, and most of the primary European nations.

    The rules made by this treaty ended over 15 years of lobbying（游说）by environmental groups and put a stop to diplomatic(外交的）talks. In addition to preventing all oil drilling and mining, the 35 scientific outposts(前哨站） on Antarctica are required to remove all rubbish and clean up all places where unwanted waste is left. It keeps scientific stations from discharging untreated waste water into the surrounding waters.

     Sled dogs were what explorers like Norway’s Roald Amundsen used to reach the South Pole in 1911. Dogs, however, were banned because they are a recent danger to the penguins and other native birds.

    With laws enforced(实施）in 26 nations, each nation will be responsible for enforcing the rules individually. If the country’s government refuses to become involved when its citizens disobey the rules, the other nations would apply pressure to solve the issue. There are many people who see this treaty as an environmental success story.

55. The Antarctic Treaty was signed to ________.

A. attract more tourists to Antarctica

B. protect the environment of Antarctica

C. forbid diplomatic talks between countries

D. promote scientific research on Antarctica

56. Dogs are forbidden on Antarctica because they________ .

A. may pollute the surrounding environment

B. are a threat to the birds there

C. are of little use there

D. may face a great threat

57. We can infer from the text that________.

A. environmental groups are satisfied with the Antarctic Treaty

B. it is difficult to enforce the treaty

C. there are no natural resources on Antarctica

D. tourism is not allowed on Antarctica

58. Which of the following is TRUE about the Antarctic Treaty?

A. Some countries have broken the rules of it.

B. It was signed in 1998.

C. It’s effective in protecting the environment of Antarctica.

D. It fails to achieve its original purpose.

完形填空

　　A new book tells that men  1 very cruel, but that sometimes men treat animals better  2 they treat other people.

　　In ancient Egypt, people  3 , that the cat  4 a god. When a cat died, its owners showed their  5 by the strange habit of shaving their eyebrow(眉) off!  6 recently, in the last century in fact. the famous  7 writer Charles Dickens had a cat who  8 him. The cat didn't like to see Dickens  9 too hard . At night, when the cat wanted  10 “Stop  11 ! ” to his master, he often put out Dicken's candle with his paw! Today, the dog is  12 of our favourite animals. But even 9000 years ago, the Greeks and Persians(波斯人)  13 dogs as pets (爱物) . For example, rabbits, which live as pets in a garden, in a wooden box are  14 intelligent (聪明的) than their wild cousins . Of course, man doesn't always keep animals for  15 . Many animals  16 work for their masters, like the teams of husky (又壮又大的) dogs which still work in Antarctica. In Roman times, the Emperor Heliogabalus had a team of tigers to work  17 him . He used them instead of horses  18 his chaript (双轮战车).

　　Animals can be more intelligent than we think they are. For example, there is a farm in Namibia, Africa, which has 80 goats and a female baboon (狒狒) . She, instead of a goatherd (牧山羊的人) ,  19 her goats to the hills every day and brings them back at night. She always knows exactly which goats are

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A 13­year­old American boy on Saturday became the youngest climber to conquer Mount Everest，the world’s highest mountain.

Jordan Romero from Big  Bear，California，climbed up the 8,850 meter summit (峰顶) from the Tibetan side.On the same day，a Nepali (尼泊尔的)  man，Apa Sherpa，broke his own world record of climbing Everest when he reached the summit for the  twentieth time.Apa Sherpa’s team set off from Nepal’s  capital，Kathmandu，last month，heading for the base camp  (大本营) on the Chinese side of the mountain.

“The team has just called in and believe that they are standing on top of Mt.Everest，” Romero’s blog said.“Their  dreams have now come true.Everyone is happy.”

The climbing has put Romero one step closer to reaching his goal of climbing the highest mountains on all seven continents (大洲)．“It is just a goal，” Romero said.He had already climbed five peaks  (高峰)，and needs to climb only Vinson Massif，the highest peak in Antarctica，to hit his goal.

The youngest person before to climb Everest was 16­year­old Temba Tsheri Sherpa of Nepal.Romero climbed together with a team including his father Paul and three local guides.He wanted to pick a small piece of rock from the top of the world and wear it in a necklace.

While Nepal insists that anyone planning to climb Mount Everest must be 16，China does not have any age restrictions  (限制)．Some mountain climbers haven’t agreed with the Romero family for letting him try it but his father said the climbing from the Chinese side is less dangerous.

68．Jordan Romero climbed up Mount Everest mainly to________.

A．meet Apa Sherpa                                B．build his body

C．break the world record                        D．realize part of his goal

69．To stand on the highest mountains on all seven continents，the next act of Jordan Romero is to climb the peak in________.

A．Asia                                                   B．Antarctica 

C．Europe                                               D．Africa

70．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．The great dream of picking rocks from top of Everest

B．California teen becomes youngest to climb Everest

C．The most number of successful Everest climbs

D．Mount Everest climbing becomes more popular