Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
【小题1】According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

B．In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

C．Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

D．Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

【小题2】The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.

A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

B．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

C．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

D．feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

【小题3】Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _________.

A．more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get

B．attentive to researchers’ instructions

C．nice in both appearance and behaviors

D．more ready to help others than their male companions

【小题4】We can learn ________according to the passage?

A．Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.

B．Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

C．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago.

【小题5】What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

A．The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

B．The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

C．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D．Cooperation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

B．In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

C．Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

D．Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

2.The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.

A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

B．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

C．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

D．feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

3.Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _________.

A．more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get

B．attentive to researchers’ instructions

C．nice in both appearance and behaviors

D．more ready to help others than their male companions

4.We can learn ________according to the passage?

A．Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.

B．Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

C．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago.

5.What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

A．The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

B．The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

C．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D．Cooperation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

 

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question

1. 1.

   According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

   1. A.
      Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world
   2. B.
      In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other
   3. C.
      Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated
   4. D.
      Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive
2. 2.

   The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________

   1. A.
      monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows
   2. B.
      monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other
   3. C.
      no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings
   4. D.
      feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature
3. 3.

   Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _________

   1. A.
      more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get
   2. B.
      attentive to researchers’ instructions
   3. C.
      nice in both appearance and behaviors
   4. D.
      more ready to help others than their male companions
4. 4.

   We can learn ________according to the passage?

   1. A.
      Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys
   2. B.
      Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated
   3. C.
      In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others
   4. D.
      Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago
5. 5.

   What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

   1. A.
      The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses
   2. B.
      The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment
   3. C.
      They usually show their feelings openly as humans do
   4. D.
      Cooperation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

       The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys.

       They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like females human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

       Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens（奖券）for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

       In the world of monkeys, grapes are excellent goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）. So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room(without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

       The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

1．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

       A．Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

       B．Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

       C．In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

       D．Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

2．The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that                   .

       A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

       B．feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

       C．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

       D．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

3．Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are                           .

       A．more likely to weigh what they get

       B．attentive to researchers’ instructions

       C．nice in both appearance and behaviors

       D．more ready to help others than their male companions

4．Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Human beings’ feeling of anger is developed from the monkeys.

B．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

C．Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years ago.

5．What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

       A．The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

       B．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

       C．The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

       D．Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed ,if he is known as being lazy ,you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of  Emory University in Atlanta ,Georgia ,which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey ,as well.

       The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys.

       They look smart .They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily .Above all ,like females human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

       Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study .The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens（奖券）for food. Normally ,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber .However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms ,so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

       In the world of monkeys ,grapes are excellent goods（and much preferable to cucumbers） .So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber .And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all ,the other either shook her own token at the researcher ,or refused to accept the cucumber .Indeed ,the mere presence of a grape in the other room(without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

       The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans ,are guided by social senses .In the wild ,they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each  animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems ,are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However ,whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago ,is ,as yet ,an unanswered question.

1．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

       A．Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

       B．Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

       C．In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

       D．Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes ,for grapes are more attractive.

2．The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that      .

       A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

       B．feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

       C．monkeys ,like humans, tend to be envious of each other

       D．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

3．Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are      .

       A．more likely to weigh what they get

       B．attentive to researchers’ instructions

       C．nice in both appearance and behaviors

       D．more ready to help others than their male companions

4．Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?

       A．Human beings’ feeling of anger are developed from the monkeys.

       B．In the research ,male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

       C．Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

       D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years  ago.

5．What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

       A．The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

       B．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

       C．The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

       D．Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

Everybody is driven by something．It could be money problems，fear，emotional needs and many other things．

Many of us are driven by love for money and the things we can buy with it．We think it will make us happier，more important，or more secure（安全的）．But it's a dream that never comes true，because no matter how much we get，we still want a little more．The problem is that we expect money to give us happiness that lasts，but it's simply not made to do that．Just ask all the rich millionaires who have everything money can buy．They still have unhappy marriages（婚姻）and families．They'll tell you that money can't buy happiness that lasts．Remember that a man without money is poor，but a man who has just money alone is even poorer．

Money can't make us more important either，because no matter how expensive our clothes，car，or house is，we're still the same person．The most valuable things in life are not things you can get with money．

What’s driving you? What do you love and live for? Is it what you really want in life? Just think for a minute．

1．What problems are mentioned that millionaires may have?

A．Their sons' development．                          B．Their wives' cost of living．

C．Unhappy marriage and family．

2．What's the biggest problem with money?

A．Money can make people lose their lives．

B．Money can make brothers fight each other．

C．Money can't bring us the happiness that we want．

3．According to the passage，who is the poorest?

A．A man who has no money．                        B．A man who only has money．

C．A man who has a family．

4．Which of the following is not true?

A．Money can make us more important．

B．We can buy expensive clothes with money．

C．No matter how much we get，we still want a little more．

5．What's the writer’s opinion?

A．We don't need money．                           B．Money is not everything．

C．You can become another person if you have enough money．

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. w.w.^w..c.#o@m

66. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

B. Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

C. In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

D. Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

67. The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.

A. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

B. feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

68. Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are ____.

A. more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get    

B. attentive to researchers’ instructions

C. nice in both appearance and behaviors

D. more ready to help others than their male companions

69． Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.

B. In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

C. Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

D. Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago.

70. What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

A. The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

B. They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

C. The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

D. Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

71. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

B. In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

C. Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

D. Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

72. The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.

A. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

B. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

C. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

D. feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

73. Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _________.

A. more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get   

B. attentive to researchers’ instructions

C. nice in both appearance and behaviors

D. more ready to help others than their male companions

74. We can learn ________according to the passage?

A. Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.

B. Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

C. In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

D. Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago.

75. What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

A. The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

B. The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

C. They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D. Cooperation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

阅读理解 　　Everybody is happy as his pay rises．Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one．Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross．Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness．But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well． 　　The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys． 　　They look smart．They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily．Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males． 　　Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan's study．The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens(奖券)for food．Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber．However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different． 　　In the world of monkeys, grapes are excellent goods(and much preferable to cucumbers)．So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber．And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber．Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey． 　　The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses．In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living．Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated．Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone．Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group．However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question． (1) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? [　　] A． Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world． B． Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated． C． In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other． D． Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive． (2) The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________． [　　] A． monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows B． feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey's nature C． monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other D． no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings (3) Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are ________． [　　] A． more likely to weigh what they get B． attentive to researchers' instructions C． nice in both appearance and behaviors D． more ready to help others than their male companions (4) Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage? [　　] A． Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys． B． In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others． C． Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated． D． Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years ago． (5) What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah's study? [　　] A． The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses． B． They usually show their feelings openly as humans do． C． The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment． D． Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild．

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

The art of pleasing is a very necessary one to possess; but a very difficult one to get. It can hardly be reduced to rules; and your own good sense and observation will teach you more of it than I can. Do as you would be done by, is the surest method that I know of pleasing. Observe carefully what pleases you in others, and probably the same things in you will please others. If you are pleased with the friendliness and attention of others to your humors, your tastes, or your weaknesses, depend upon it. The same friendliness and attention, on your part, to theirs will equally please them. Take the tone of the company, that you are in, and do not pretend to give it; be serious, gay, as you find the present humor of the company. Do not tell stories in company; there is nothing more boring and unpleasant; if by any chance you know a very short story, and suitable to the present subject of conversation, tell it in as few words as possible; and even then, show that you do not love to tell stories; but that the shortness of it attracted you. Of all things, dismiss the egotism (自大) from your conversation, and never think of entertaining people with your own personal concerns, or private affairs; though they are interesting to you, they are impolite and uninteresting to everybody else; besides that, one cannot keep one's own private affairs too secret. Whatever you think your own excellencies may be, do not show them in company; nor take the trouble, as many people do, to give that to the conversation. If they are real, they will surely be discovered some day, without your pointing them out yourself, and with much more advantage. Never continue an argument with heat and shout, though you think or know yourself to be in the right; but give your opinion modestly (谦虚地) and cooly, which is the only way to persuade; and, if that does not do, try to change the conversation, by saying with good humor, “We shall hardly persuade one another, nor is it necessary that we should, so let us talk of something else.”

1．According to this passage, what does the author suggest to us to please people?

[　　]

A．Try to make others pleased with your friendliness.

B．Remember what you are pleased with may be the same thing you could do to please others.

C．Forget who you are and do everything other people like.

D．Speak in a pleasing tone in company while you feel unhappy.

2．What is the author's opinion of private affairs?

[　　]

A．One shouldn't keep his own private affairs secret.

B．One's private affairs can surely entertain others.

C．One can talk with other people about his interesting private affairs.

D．One should keep his private affairs as secret as possible.

3．What is the author's suggestion about what to do with argument?

[　　]

A．If one knows that he is in the right, he may continue the argument with heat.

B．Do not change the conversation unless you persuade the others.

C．If you are not quite confident in yourself, give your opinion modestly.

D．Talk something else when you can't persuade the others.

4．What is the best title of this passage?

[　　]

A．The Art of Pleasing.

B．What One Should Talk about in Company.

C．Getting Rid of Egotism.

D．The Art of Speech.

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

The art of pleasing is a very necessary one to possess; but a very difficult one to get. It can hardly be reduced to rules; and your own good sense and observation will teach you more of it than I can. Do as you would be done by, is the surest method that I know of pleasing. Observe carefully what pleases you in others, and probably the same things in you will please others. If you are pleased with the friendliness and attention of others to your humors, your tastes, or your weaknesses, depend upon it. The same friendliness and attention, on your part, to theirs will equally please them. Take the tone of the company, that you are in, and do not pretend to give it; be serious, gay, as you find the present humor of the company. Do not tell stories in company; there is nothing more boring and unpleasant; if by any chance you know a very short story, and suitable to the present subject of conversation, tell it in as few words as possible; and even then, show that you do not love to tell stories; but that the shortness of it attracted you. Of all things, dismiss the egotism(自大) from you conversation, and never think of entertaining people with your own personal concerns, or private affairs; though they are interesting to you, they are impolite and uninteresting to everybody else; besides that, one cannot keep one's own private affairs too secret. Whatever you think your own excellencies may be, do not show them in company; nor take the trouble, as many people do, to give that to the conversation. If they are real, they will surely be discovered some day, without your pointing them out yourself, and with much more advantage. Never continue an argument with heat and shout, though you think or know yourself to be in the right; but give your opinion modestly(谦虚地) and coolly, which is the only way to persuade; and, if that does not do, try to change the conversation, by saying with good humor, “We shall hardly persuade one another, nor is it necessary that we should, so let us talk of something else.”

1．According to this passage, what does the author suggest to us to please people?

[　　]

A．Try to make others pleased with your friendliness.

B．Remember what you are pleased with may be the same thing you could do to please others.

C．Forget who you are and do everything other people like.

D．Speak in a pleasing tone in company while you feel unhappy.

2．What is the author's opinion of private affairs?

[　　]

A．One shouldn't keep his own private affairs secret.

B．One's private affairs can surely entertain others.

C．One can talk with other people about his interesting private affairs.

D．One should keep his private affairs as secret as possible.

3．What is the author's suggestion about what to do with argument?

[　　]

A．If one knows that he is in the right, he may continue the argument with heat.

B．Do not change the conversation unless you persuade the others.

C．If you are not quite confident in yourself, give your opinion modestly.

D．Talk something else when you can't persuade the others.

4．What is the best title of this passage?

[　　]

A．The Art of Pleasing.

B．What One Should Talk about in Company.

C．Getting Rid of Egotism.

D．The Art of Speech.

5．If you think you are right in an argument, you will ________.

[　　]

A．you will persist in arguing with your company.

B．you will continue the argument with heat and shout.

C．you should give your opinions modestly and coolly.

D．you should stop the argument immediately.

Cloze5 (2015江苏宿迁泗阳适应性考试)

      I was walking towards the canoe (独木舟) on the beach 1 I saw it.There was a footprint in the sand!My life changed.There was 2 on the island with me!I listened. I looked around.I ran up and down the beach.I went back to the footprint to see 3 there were more.Was it just my imagination? No,there it was—a footprint with five toes and a heel.One footprint!How did it get there? 4 foot­print was it? Suddenly,I was very 5 1 ran across the island, hurrying back to my home. Every tree,every movement,and every shadow 6 like a man!

      I didn't sleep that night. I couldn’t. That 7 kept me awake. Perhaps savages (野人) from the land across the sea had come to the island.Would 8 find me or my canoe or my country house? What would they do if they did? Even if they dicing find me,they 9 take my corn or my canoe or my goats.Perhaps I should destroy eve­rything 10 they would not know that there was someone on the is­land. I did not dare to leave my home for three days.Then I suddenly 11 whether the footprint might be from my own foot!Perhaps I had walked there earlier. This made me braver. I 12 my house. I needed some food and had to milk the goats. I did these things before 13back to the other side of the island.! was still afraid and was 14to run back home at any moment.The footprint was still there. It was much bigger than my foot!Now I knew that somebody else had been 15  . I  carefully went back home,ready to fight or shoot if I saw anybody.

   1.A. when   B. while   C. until   D. since

   2.A. somebody   B. anybody   C. nobody   D. everybody

   3.A. that   B. what   C. if   D. how

   4.A. who   B. whose   C. whom   D. who's

   5.A. frightened   B. happy   C. excited   D. surprised

   6.A. tasted   B. looked   C. smelt   D. sounded

   7.A. canoe   B. island   C. footprint   D. man

   8.A. it   B. they   C. he   D. she

   9.A. may   B. can   C. might   D. must

   10.A. in order to  B. so C. in order   D. so that

   11.A. knew   B. realized   C. wondered   D. believed

   12.A. came into   B. came out of   C. came out   D. came of

   13.A. going   B. go   C. went   D. to go

   14.A. willing   B. glad   C. ready   D. unhappy

   15.A. to my country  B. on the island C. on my canoe   D. to my home

“I don't like my parents. They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry,” said Zhang Hua，a middle school student in Guangzhou. Do you have the same problem? Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were your age long ago. Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children's eyes?
One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent, he/she likes worrying about things. They worry about everything about you, from the time you were born (出生). They do a lot for you, though something would make you angry, because they care about you and worry about you. They worry about your choice (选择) of friends, the food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get, etc. All these things are part of your life. They want you to grow up healthily and happily.
So how can you make things easier on yourself? It's easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you're doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone if you stay somewhere else so that your parents don't call everybody in the phone book looking for you. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility (负责任) for what you did. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you.
Most of all, try to think about why your parents do this or do that. They are still practicing being parents and need help from you. Someday, when you become a parent, they may be able to help you how to get on with your children.
【小题1】Parents sometimes look so unfriendly because ______.

A．they are older than us

B．they worry about almost everything about us

C．they have the same problems as us

D．they are often unhappy

【小题2】Parents worry about ______.

A．who you make friends with	B．what you eat
C．your schoolwork	D．all the above

【小题3】The writer thinks we should ______ if we go back home later than usual.

A．tell our friends

B．tell the teacher

C．say sorry to our parents

D．make a telephone call to our parents

【小题4】The writer thinks ______.

A．it's wrong of parents to worry about their children too much

B．some parents are unfriendly, and this makes their children angry

C．parents love their children very much and the children should understand them

D．children should do everything as their parents say

【小题5】Which is the best title (题目) for the passage?

A．How to Get on with (相处) Parents?

B．Parents' Responsibility

C．Zhang Hua's Problem

D．What Are Parents Worrying about?

“I don't like my parents. They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry,” said Zhang Hua，a middle school student in Guangzhou. Do you have the same problem? Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were your age long ago. Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children's eyes?

One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent, he/she likes worrying about things. They worry about everything about you, from the time you were born (出生). They do a lot for you, though something would make you angry, because they care about you and worry about you. They worry about your choice (选择) of friends, the food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get, etc. All these things are part of your life. They want you to grow up healthily and happily.

So how can you make things easier on yourself? It's easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you're doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone if you stay somewhere else so that your parents don't call everybody in the phone book looking for you. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility (负责任) for what you did. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you.

Most of all, try to think about why your parents do this or do that. They are still practicing being parents and need help from you. Someday, when you become a parent, they may be able to help you how to get on with your children.

1.Parents sometimes look so unfriendly because ______.

A. they are older than us

B. they worry about almost everything about us

C. they have the same problems as us

D. they are often unhappy

2.Parents worry about ______.

A. who you make friends with B. what you eat

C. your schoolwork D. all the above

3.The writer thinks we should ______ if we go back home later than usual.

A. tell our friends

B. tell the teacher

C. say sorry to our parents

D. make a telephone call to our parents

4.The writer thinks ______.

A. it's wrong of parents to worry about their children too much

B. some parents are unfriendly, and this makes their children angry

C. parents love their children very much and the children should understand them

D. children should do everything as their parents say

【小题】Which is the best title (题目) for the passage?

A. How to Get on with (相处) Parents?

B. Parents' Responsibility

C. Zhang Hua's Problem

D. What Are Parents Worrying about?

完形填空：

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～25各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案．

(A)

　A class of small boys in a German school had been making a lot of noise, so their teacher decided 　1　． He kept them in the classroom after the other boys 　2　and told them to add all the numbers from 1 to 100 together．

　The boys sadly 　3　their exercise books and began to write the numbers down—all of them 　4　one boy, who had been in that school only for a few days． This boy looked out of the window for a few moments, wrote a number in his exercise book and 　5　his hand．

　“May I go home when I've found the answer, sir? ” he asked．

　“Yes, you may, ” answered the teacher．

　“Well, I've found it, sir” said the boy．

　The teacher and the other boys were all very surprised．

　“　 6　,” said the teacher．

　The boy brought it． It was quite correct, so the teacher had to let the boy go home． The next morning, the 　7　teacher asked the new boy how he had found the answer so quickly．

　　　“Well, sir, ” he said, “I thought that there 　8　the answer, and I found one, you see, If you add 100 to 1, you get 101, and if you add 99 to 2, you also get 101, 98 to 3 is 101 too, and if you go on until you reach 51 and 50, you have 101 fifty times, which is 5050． ”

　After this, the teacher gave the boy 　9　the other boys in the class． His name was Karl Friedrich Gauss, and when he 　10　, he became a famous professor of mathematics．

　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　

1． A． to frighten all of them	B． to beat them one by 　　 one．
C． to punish them	D． to praise all of them	[　　]
2． A． had gone	B． had been
C． went	D． had been away	[　　]
3． A． took down	B． took off
C． took away	D． took out	[　　]
4． A． except for	B． except
C． except that	D． besides	[　　]
5． A． put out	B． put down
C． put up	D． put aside	[　　]
6． A． Carry directly it to me	B． Bring it here
C． Take it back to me	D． Fetch it for me	[　　]
7． A． surprised	B． surprising
C． satisfying	D． pleased	[　　]
8． A． should be a rapid method of finding
B． might be a quick way of finding
C． couldn't be a fast way to find
D． must be a quickly method to find		[　　]
9． A． the same work as	B． as different a work as
C． different work from	D． no difference work from	[　　]
10．A． grew bigger	B． grown up
C． grew taller	D． grew up	[　　]

(B)

　　 　On October 21st of 1833, Alfred Nobel was born in Sweden． His father was an engineer, and at that time he was 　11　explosives (炸药)． When Alfred was 　12　to go to university, his father sent him to the United States to study mechanical engineering (机械工程学)．

　　　When he left university, he started a factory with his brother to make a new and very powerful explosive． At first the factory 　13　, but one day there was a terrible explosion (爆炸) in the factory． It killed several workmen and Alfred's brother． Alfred himself was not there that day．

　　　Alfred 　14　after his brother's death, but he did not stop working; he moved his factory onto a boat, and took it a few miles out to sea． “If 　15　,” he said to himself, “I will be killed, but 　16　will be hurt． ” He was not killed 　17　, but made a new and much safer explosive． He called it dynamite (甘油炸药)．

　This was the time, in 　18　of the nineteenth century, when many modern roads and the first railways and tunnels 　19　in Europe． Everybody wanted to use Nobel's new dynamite． He soon became very rich．

　　　But Nobel's dynamite was not always used for making roads; it was also 　20　making war． “It's Nobel's fault (错误), ” many people said, “It's his dynamite they're using to make war． ” It was true; it was his dynamite; but was it his fault?

　One day, in 1891, Nobel opened a newspaper and read the story of his own death! It was 　21　, of course, and at first he laughed; but he did not laugh then he saw the things the newspaper 　22　him, “A very bad man, ” they said, “…terrible…wanted to destroy the world with his dynamite…”

　Poor Alfred Nobel! He decided to leave Paris, and went to live in Italy． There he 　23　in a big house, working and studying every hour of the day．

　　　In 1896, Alfred Nobel died． But that was 　24　his name． When he died, he left a lot of 　25　five Nobel Prizes． These are given every year for important work in five different fields, One prize is for chemistry, another for physics and another for medicine; there is also one for literature (文学); and the fifth one, the most important one for Alfred Nobel, is the Nobel Peace Prize．

　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　

11．A． working for	B． working on
C． working as	D． working in	[　　]
12．A． old enough	B． enough old
C． big enough	D． enough big	[　　]
13．A． went from bad to worse	B． went from good to better
C． went very well	D． went nothing to him	[　　]
14．A． felt very afraid of it	B． felt sorry for it
C． was quite happy	D． was terribly unhappy	[　　]
15．A． anything goes right there
B． nothing seems to happen there
C． something goes wrong here
D． everything comes badly here		[　　]
16．A． other people	B． everybody
C． somebody else	D． nobody else	[　　]
17．A． after all	B． on the end
C． at most	D． at least	[　　]
18．A． a second half	B． the second half
C． a half second	D． the half second	[　　]
19．A． were building	B． had been built
C． were being built	D． had built	[　　]
20．A． prepared for	B． willing to
C． using as	D． used for	[　　]
21．A． complete wrong	B． completely wrong
C． complete wrongly	D． completely wrongly	[　　]
22．A． saying about	B． said to
C． said about	D． saying to	[　　]
23．A． lived alone	B． lived lonely
C． lived sad	D． lived happy	[　　]
24．A． just the beginning to	B． not the end of
C． meaning nothing for	D． really the end of	[　　]
25．A． troubles to	B． debts to
C． money for	D． sorry for	[　　]