Being able to multitask---doing several things at the same time---is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.

Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response. However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive.

Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

1.What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A．Want to buy.

B．Take the place of.

C．Use at the same time.

D．Seek for information from.

2.In Paragraph 3, the author points out that  ________.

A．family members do not eat at the family table.

B．family members do not greet each other.

C．young people live happily in their families

D．young people seldom talk with their family members

3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

B．Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets.

C．Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

D．Yong people must learn skills for future jobs.

4.The author develops the passage mainly by ________.

A．providing typical examples

B．following the natural time order

C．comparing opinions from different fields

D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

 

Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that. They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.

The researchers asked more than 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements. For example: "If I have completed most of the reading for a class, I deserve a B in that course." And: "A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class."

Just 16 percent thought it was OK to take that phone call. But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades. And 40 percent thought they should get a B, the second highest mark, just because they did most of the reading for class.

Some experts are not surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results. Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected.

Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever. Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job.

And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house.

A former teaching assistant recently wrote to the New York Times about his experience with grade expectations. He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class:

What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?

The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A.

1.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How students can get a good grade in the course.

B．Whether students are allowed to answer calls in class.

C．Whether students deserve high marks just for trying hard.

D．Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.

2.According to the research, most of the students _______.

A. thought it was all right to answer the call during class.

B. objected to deciding grades only by the quality of a student’s work.

C. thought they did most of the work for class and should get a B.

D. agreed that they should be given top grades because of their hard work.

3. Which of the following opinions do social critics agree to about children’s activities?

A．Those who are active in the activities can get an award.

B．Only by playing an important role in the activities can you get an award.

C．An award is prepared for anyone who performs best in the activities.

D．Whoever takes part in the activities can get an award.

4.From the sixth paragraph we can learn that _____.

A．it costs much more to build a college than to buy a house.

B．the costs of studying at college are much more than staying at home.

C．the costs of sending a child to college are much more than buying a house.

D．it is difficult for parents to send a child to college.

5.What does the former assistant want to tell students with the example of the baseball player?

A．Effort can lead to good results.             B．Effort is very necessary.

C．Effort and results are quite different.        D．No good results, effort is unnecessary.

 

C

　 Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.

Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

1.What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Want to buy　　　　　　　 B. Take the place of.

C. Use at the same time 　　　 D. Seek for information from.

2.In Paragraph 3, the author points out that 　　 .

A. family members do not cat at the family table

B. family member do not greet each other

C. young people live happily in their families

D. young people seldom talk with their family members

3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets

C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.

4.The author develops the passage mainly by 　 .

A. providing typical examples　　 　　　　　

B. following the natural time order

C. comparing opinions from different fields

D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that. They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.
The researchers asked more than 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements. For example: "If I have completed most of the reading for a class, I deserve a B in that course." And: "A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class."
Just 16 percent thought it was OK to take that phone call. But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades. And 40 percent thought they should get a B, the second highest mark, just because they did most of the reading for class.
Some experts are not surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results. Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected.
Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever. Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job.
And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house.
A former teaching assistant recently wrote to the New York Times about his experience with grade expectations. He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class:
What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?
The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A.
【小题1】What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How students can get a good grade in the course.

B．Whether students are allowed to answer calls in class.

C．Whether students deserve high marks just for trying hard.

D．Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.

【小题2】According to the research, most of the students _______.
A. thought it was all right to answer the call during class.
B. objected to deciding grades only by the quality of a student’s work.
C. thought they did most of the work for class and should get a B.
D. agreed that they should be given top grades because of their hard work.
【小题3】 Which of the following opinions do social critics agree to about children’s activities?

A．Those who are active in the activities can get an award.

B．Only by playing an important role in the activities can you get an award.

C．An award is prepared for anyone who performs best in the activities.

D．Whoever takes part in the activities can get an award.

【小题4】From the sixth paragraph we can learn that _____.

A．it costs much more to build a college than to buy a house.

B．the costs of studying at college are much more than staying at home.

C．the costs of sending a child to college are much more than buying a house.

D．it is difficult for parents to send a child to college.

【小题5】What does the former assistant want to tell students with the example of the baseball player?

A．Effort can lead to good results.	B．Effort is very necessary.
C．Effort and results are quite different.	D．No good results, effort is unnecessary.

C

   Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.

Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Want to buy               B. Take the place of.

 C. Use at the same time        D. Seek for information from.

In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .

A. family members do not cat at the family table

B. family member do not greet each other

C. young people live happily in their families

D. young people seldom talk with their family members

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets

C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.

The author develops the passage mainly by    .

 A. providing typical examples               B. following the natural time order

  C. comparing opinions from different fields

 D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

C
Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.
Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A．Want to buy	B．Take the place of.
C．Use at the same time	D．Seek for information from.

【小题2】In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .

A．family members do not cat at the family table

B．family member do not greet each other

C．young people live happily in their families

D．young people seldom talk with their family members

【小题3】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

B．Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets

C．Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

D．Young people must learn skills for future jobs.

【小题4】The author develops the passage mainly by    .

A．providing typical examples	B．following the natural time order
C．comparing opinions from different fields
D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

C

Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.

Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

1.What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A．Want to buy	B．Take the place of.
C．Use at the same time	D．Seek for information from.

2.In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .

A．family members do not cat at the family table

B．family member do not greet each other

C．young people live happily in their families

D．young people seldom talk with their family members

3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

B．Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets

C．Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

D．Young people must learn skills for future jobs.

4.The author develops the passage mainly by    .

A．providing typical examples	B．following the natural time order
C．comparing opinions from different fields
D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

 

   Being able to multitask―doing several things at the same time―is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.

Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

64. What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Want to buy

B. Take the place of.

C. Use at the same time

D. Seek for information from.

65. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .

A. family members do not cat at the family table

B. family member do not greet each other

C. young people live happily in their families

D. young people seldom talk with their family members

66. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

  A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

  B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets

  C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

  D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.

67. The author develops the passage mainly by    .

  A. providing typical examples

  B. following the natural time order

  C. comparing opinions from different fields

  D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

Being able to multitask---doing several things at the same time---is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.

Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response. However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive.

Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Want to buy.            

B. Take the place of.

C. Use at the same time. 

D. Seek for information from.

In Paragraph 3, the author points out that  ________.

A. family members do not eat at the family table.

B. family members do not greet each other.

C. young people live happily in their families

D. young people seldom talk with their family members

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets.

C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

D. Yong people must learn skills for future jobs.

The author develops the passage mainly by ________.

A. providing typical examples    

B. following the natural time order

C. comparing opinions from different fields

D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

Being able to multitask---doing several things at the same time---is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.
Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response. However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive.
Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A．Want to buy.

B．Take the place of.

C．Use at the same time.

D．Seek for information from.

【小题2】In Paragraph 3, the author points out that  ________.

A．family members do not eat at the family table.

B．family members do not greet each other.

C．young people live happily in their families

D．young people seldom talk with their family members

【小题3】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

B．Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets.

C．Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

D．Yong people must learn skills for future jobs.

【小题4】The author develops the passage mainly by ________.

A．providing typical examples

B．following the natural time order

C．comparing opinions from different fields

D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

 

   Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.

Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

1.What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Want to buy

B. Take the place of.

C. Use at the same time

D. Seek for information from.

2.In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .

A. family members do not cat at the family table

B. family member do not greet each other

C. young people live happily in their families

D. young people seldom talk with their family members

3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

  A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

  B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets

  C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

  D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.

4.The author develops the passage mainly by    .

  A. providing typical examples

  B. following the natural time order

  C. comparing opinions from different fields

  D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

                   

阅读理解 　　Being able to multitask－doing several things at the same time－is considered a welcome skill by most people．But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again． 　　What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study．While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods．In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask． 　　Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members．As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them．They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table． 　　Multitasking also affects young people's performance at university and in the workplace．When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response．However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive． 　　Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills．They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills．Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work． (1) What does the underlined word“juggle”in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? [　　] A． Want to buy． B． Take the place of． C． Use at the same time． D． Seek for information from． (2) In Paragraph 3, the author points out that ________． [　　] A． family members do not eat at the family table． B． family members do not greet each other． C． young people live happily in their families D． young people seldom talk with their family members (3) What is the main idea of the last paragraph? [　　] A． multitasking is harmful to young people's development． B． Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets． C． Multitasking is an important skill to young people． D． Yong people must learn skills for future jobs． (4) The author develops the passage mainly by ________． [　　] A． providing typical examples B． following the natural time order C． comparing opinions from different fields D． presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision,such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in,involves the use of a decision worksheet．Psychologists who study optimization(最佳化)compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are．Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal,that is,the best decisions．Although there are several variations on the exact format(格式)that worksheets can take,they are ail similar in their essential aspects．Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions t0 the problem．Next,the related considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed．and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determineD．ach consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance．A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together．The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision． 　　Since most important problems are multifaceted(多方面的),there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages．One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember．On the average,people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships．A realistic example for many college students is the question“What will I do after graduation?”A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training,pursue an advanced degree,or travel abroad for a year．A decision-making worksheet begins with a clear statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it．It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones．Focusing on long-range goals,a graduating student might revise the question above to“What will I do after graduation that wilI lead tosuccessful career?” (1) What does the passage mainly discuss? [　　] A． A tool to assist tn making complex decisions． B． A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions． C． Researcb on how people make decisions． D． Difference between long-range and short-range decision-making． (2) Of the following steps,which occurs before the three other steps in making a decision worksheet? [　　] A． Listing the consequences of each solution B． Calculating a numerical summary of each solution C． Deciding which consequences are most important D． Writing down all possible solutions． (3) According to decision-making worksheet theory,an optimal decision is defined as one that ________． [　　] A． has the fewest variables to consider B． uses the most decision worksheets C． has the most points assigned to it D． is agreed to by the greatest number of people (4) The author develops the discussion in parA．l by means of ________． [　　] A． describing a process B． classifying types of worksheets C． providing historical background D． explaining a theory (5) The author states that“On the average,people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once”in the last paragraph to explain that ________． [　　] A． most decisions involve seven steps B． human mental capacity has limitations C． some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions D． people can keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

阅读理解 　　Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet．Psychologists who study optimization(最佳化)compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are．Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions．Although there are several variations on the exact format(格式)that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects．Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem．Next, the related considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined．Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance．A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together．The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision． 　　Since most important problems are multifaceted(多方面的), there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages．One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember．On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once．A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships．A realistic example for many college students is the question“What will I do after graduation?”A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year．A decision-making worksheet begins with a clear statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it．It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones．Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to“What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?” (1) What does the passage mainly discuss? [　　] A． A tool to assist in making complex decisions． B． A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions． C． Research on how people make decisions． D． Difference between long-range and short-range decision making． (2) Of the following steps, which occurs before the three other steps in making a decision worksheet? [　　] A． Listing the consequences of each solution． B． Calculating a numerical summary of each solution． C． Deciding which consequences are most important． D． Writing down all possible solutions． (3) According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that ________． [　　] A． has the fewest variables to consider B． uses the most decision worksheets C． has the most points assigned to it D． is agreed to by the greatest number of people (4) The author develops the discussion in pare．1 by means of ________． [　　] A． describing a process B． classifying types of worksheets C． providing historical background D． explaining a theory (5) The author states that“On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once”in the last paragraph to explain that _________． [　　] A． most decisions involve seven steps B． human mental capacity has limitations C． some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions D． people can keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

阅读理解 　　Being able to multitask－doing several things at the same time－is considered a welcome skill by most people．But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again． 　　What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study．While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their ipods．In a sense, they spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask． 　　Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members．As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them．They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at family table． 　　Multitasking also affects young people's performance at university and in the workplace．When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应)．However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive．Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills．They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills．Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work． (1) What does the underlined word“juggle”in Paragraph 2 most probably means? [　　] A． want to buy B． take the place of C． use at the same time D． seek for information from (2) In Paragraph 3, the author points out that________． [　　] A． family members do not eat at the family table B． family members do not greet each other C． young people live happily in their families D． young people seldom talk with their family members (3) What is the main idea of the last paragraph? [　　] A． Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets B． Multitasking is harmful to young people's development C． Multitasking is an important skill to young people D． Young people must learn skills for future jobs

Being able to multitask－doing several things at the same time－is considered a welcome skill by most people．But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again． 　　What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study．While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods．In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask． 　　Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members．As young people around them．They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table． 　　Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace．When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应)．However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive．Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills．They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills．Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work． (1) What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? [　　] A． Want to buy B． Take the place of． C． Use at the same time D． Seek for information from． (2) In Paragraph 3, the author points out that ________． [　　] A． family members do not cat at the family table B． family member do not greet each other C． young people live happily in their families D． young people seldom talk with their family members (3) What is the main idea of the last paragraph? [　　] A． Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development． B． Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets C． Multitasking is an important skill to young people． D． Young people must learn skills for future jobs． (4) The author develops the passage mainly by ________． [　　] A． providing typical examples B． following the natural time order C． comparing opinions from different fields D． presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

It was hard to accept，but the horrible day had finally arrived．I still remember the tears welling up in my six-year-old sister's eyes as she looked around the __1__ closet in wonder．The space once filled with __2__ clothes now held only loneliness and sorrow．This little child had come to the __3__ that her father was gone．He had left us，and there was simply no way to __4__ it．

Being the __5__ of four girls has never been easy，but with the __6__ of our father，our world and dreams were __7__ beyond repair．My mother，the most amazingly warm-hearted person in the world，has worked harder than anyone should simply to __8__ our broken household．However，long hours at work often prevented her from __9__ being there in our times of need．This is where I have stepped up as the temporary __10__ of my three small sisters．

Many college students write essays about their leadership positions in school and the community（社区），but I feel that my greatest __11__ is the role I have played __12__ my own family．

Senior year in high school is not __13__ for anyone，especially when it __14__ like the entire world is resting on your shoulders．I've been trying hard to __15__ the dream my mother holds for my future．She was not able to __16__ her college education as expected，__17__ this success is the first thing she's mapped out for her __18__．

A leader is described as one who has influence on others．I hope that my leadership __19__ the lives of my sisters and everyone around me．In __20__ myself to my family and school，I have set goals that I will do anything to accomplish．

1．A．familiar               B．crowded           C．empty             D．broken

2．A．her                  B．his                C．our               D．their

3．A．situation             B．prediction          C．realization          D．imagination

4．A．undo                 B．explain             C．control            D．believe

5．A．busiest               B．saddest            C．smartest           D．oldest

6．A．arrival               B．departure          C．unemployment      D．hospitalization

7．A．preserved            B．destroyed          C．separated          D．combined

8．A．enlarge              B．suit               C．modernize          D．mend

9．A．physically                                                B．frequently

C．whole-heartedly                                        D．absent-mindedly

10．A．caretaker           B．playmate           C．teacher            D．friend

11．A．disappointment       B．accomplishment     C．difference          D．regret

12．A．against             B．outside            C．within             D．without

13．A．meaningful          B．interesting          C．hard              D．simple

14．A．feels               B．proves             C．passes             D．begins

15．A．abandon            B．renew             C．continue           D．fulfill

16．A．give               B．complete           C．survive            D．forget

17．A．as if               B．but then           C．and so             D．or else

18．A．future              B．career             C．family             D．children

19．A．shapes             B．lengthens          C．affects            D．restarts

20．A．presenting          B．devoting            C．connecting         D．attaching

Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.
Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

1. 1.

   What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

   1. A.
      Want to buy
   2. B.
      Take the place of.
   3. C.
      Use at the same time
   4. D.
      Seek for information from.
2. 2.

   In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .

   1. A.
      family members do not cat at the family table
   2. B.
      family member do not greet each other
   3. C.
      young people live happily in their families
   4. D.
      young people seldom talk with their family members
3. 3.

   What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

   1. A.
      Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.
   2. B.
      Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets
   3. C.
      Multitasking is an important skill to young people.
   4. D.
      Young people must learn skills for future jobs.
4. 4.

   The author develops the passage mainly by    .

   1. A.
      providing typical examples
   2. B.
      following the natural time order
   3. C.
      comparing opinions from different fields
   4. D.
      presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

   Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization (最佳化) compare the actual decision made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format (格式) that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges (出现) as the best decision.

   Since most important problems are multifaceted (多方面的)，there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a concise statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that lead to successful career?”

 

   51.What does the passage mainly discuss?

   A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

   B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.

   C. Research on how people make decisions.

   D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

   52. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

   A. Listing the consequences of each solution.

   B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.

   C. Deciding which consequences are most important.

   D. Writing down all possible solutions.

   53. According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that _____________________.

   A. has the fewest variables to consider

   B. uses the most decision worksheets

   C. has the most points assigned to it

   D. is agreed to by the greatest number of people

   54. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of _____________.

   A. describing a process

   B. classifying types of worksheets

   C. providing historical background

   D. explaining a theory

   55. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” to explain that _____________________.

   A. most decisions involve seven steps

   B. human mental capacity has limitations

   C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

   D. people can keep more then seven ideas in their minds with practice

   Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.

   What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.

   Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.

   Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.

1. What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

   A. Want to buy                             B. Take the place of.

   C. Use at the same time                 D. Seek for information from.

2. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .

   A. family members do not cat at the family table

   B. family member do not greet each other

   C. young people live happily in their families

   D. young people seldom talk with their family members

3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

   A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.

   B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets

   C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.

   D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.

4. The author develops the passage mainly by    .

   A. providing typical examples

   B. following the natural time order

   C. comparing opinions from different fields

   D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects