Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.

A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.

Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.

Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.

1.What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

A．The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.

B．It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body.

C．Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest.

D．The incision is often infected after the operation.

2. Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?

A．It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera.

B．The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly.

C．The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.

D．An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance.

3. The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.

A．requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient

B．reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure

C．allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively

D．eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients

4. The passage mainly tells the reader ________.

A．the challenges brought about by new technology

B．the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System

C．the reflections on the development in medical science

D．the application of new technologies in modern surgery

 

E

Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , he number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way .
First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have  desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air .
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal (愈合) . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clan , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .
71．Why should running be done ?
A．To make the tree grow taller .               B．To improve the shape of the tree .
C．to get rid of the small ranches .             D．To make the small branches thicker .
72．Trees become unhealthy if the gardener         .
A．To help a wound to dry .                     
B．To cover a rough surface .
C．damages some of the small side branches
D．Allows too many branches to grow in the middle
73．Why is a special material painted on the tree ?
A．To help a wound to dry .                      B．to cover a rough surface .
C．To make a wound smooth .                   D．To prevent disease entering a wound .
74．A good gardener prunes a tree         .
A．several times throughout the year         B．as quickly as possible
C．occasionally when necessary                 D．regularly every winter
75．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ?
A．To discuss different methods of pruning .
B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning .
C．To explain how trees develop disease .
D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree .

 

When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best.

But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶)-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.

Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs—one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.

Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.

Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?

Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.” “Keep your elbows off the table.”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially.

1. Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining?

A. Family members need more time to relax.

B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.

C. People prefer to live a comfortable life.

D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation.

2. It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ______.

A. a seller of stainless steel tableware                      B. a dealer in stoneware

C. a pottery chain store                                                 D. a producer of fine china

3. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ______.

A. the increased value of the pound                           B. the worsening economy in Asia

C. the change in people’s way of life                 D. the fierce competition at home and abroad

4. Formal table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, ______.

A. are still a must on certain occasions            B. are certain to return sooner or later

C. are still being taught by parents at home          D. can help improve personal relationships

 

When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best.

    But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.

    Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs－one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.

    Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.

    Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?

    Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.” “Keep your elbows off the table.”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially.

67．Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining?

    A. Family members need more time to relax.

    B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.

    C. People prefer to live a comfortable life.

    D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation

68．It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ________.

    A. a seller of stainless steel tableware                      B. a dealer in stoneware

    C. a pottery chain store                                                 D. a producer of fine china

69．The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ________.

A. the increased value of the pound                          

B. the worsening economy in Asia

C. the change in people’s way of life

D. the fierce competition at home and abroad

70．Formal table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, ________.

    A. are still a must on certain occasions                     B. are certain to return sooner or later

    C. are still being taught by parents at home                    D. can help improve personal relationships

 

E

Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , he number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way .

First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have  desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air .

One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal (愈合) . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clan , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .

71．Why should running be done ?

A．To make the tree grow taller .               B．To improve the shape of the tree .

C．to get rid of the small ranches .             D．To make the small branches thicker .

72．Trees become unhealthy if the gardener         .

A．To help a wound to dry .                     

B．To cover a rough surface .

C．damages some of the small side branches

D．Allows too many branches to grow in the middle

73．Why is a special material painted on the tree ?

A．To help a wound to dry .                      B．to cover a rough surface .

C．To make a wound smooth .                   D．To prevent disease entering a wound .

74．A good gardener prunes a tree         .

A．several times throughout the year         B．as quickly as possible

C．occasionally when necessary                 D．regularly every winter

75．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ?

A．To discuss different methods of pruning .

B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning .

C．To explain how trees develop disease .

D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree .

 

Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.
A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.
【小题1】What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

A．The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.

B．It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body.

C．Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest.

D．The incision is often infected after the operation.

【小题2】 Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?

A．It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera.

B．The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly.

C．The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.

D．An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance.

【小题3】 The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.

A．requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient

B．reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure

C．allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively

D．eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients

【小题4】 The passage mainly tells the reader ________.

A．the challenges brought about by new technology

B．the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System

C．the reflections on the development in medical science

D．the application of new technologies in modern surgery

When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions, that is, their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver bowls. But now in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance (优雅)has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) and informality, with dresses in an informal and ordinary look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it means economic hard times.

   Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is removing 1,000 jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4, 000  the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) field. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.

   Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs（失业） in Stoke have their roots in great social changes. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend(潮流)" toward informal dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or because they want to eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone informal. In a time of long work hours and busy family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Clean the silver bowls ? Who has time?

   Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned before at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (" Chew with your mouth closed." "Keep your elbows off the table. ") must be picked up else-where. Some companies now offer etiquette courses for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially.

71. In many homes nowadays, people tend to ______________________

A. stick to formal traditions when they dine

B. set their tables with the good dishes and silver bowls

C. have dinner informally

D. buy many sets of fine china

72. Why do people tend to follow the trend towards informal dining?

    A. Family members need more time to relax.

    B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.

    C. People prefer to live a comfortable life.

    D. Young people won't follow the etiquette of the older generation.

73. It can be learned from the passage that ‘Royal Doulton’ is              .

   A. a store of steel tableware                 B. a store of stoneware

    C. a store of pottery chain                  D. a producer of fine china

74. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is              .

A. the increased value of the pound          B. the worsening economy in Asia

C. the change in people's way of life         D. the fierce competition at home and abroad

75. In the last paragraph, we can find that formal table manners, though less popular than before in present social life,               .

A. are still a must on certain occasions       B. are certain to return sooner or later

    C. are still being taught by parents at home   D. can help improve personal relationships

阅读理解 　　When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma’s generation．Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best． 　　But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware(粗陶)and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look．For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort．For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times． 　　Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs－one-fifth of its total workforce．That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery(陶瓷)region．Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier． 　　Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts．A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company“has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend”toward casual dining．Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television． 　　Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual．In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a“real”dinner party．Too often, the perfect moment never comes．Iron a fine-patterned t ablecloth?Forget it．Polish the silver?Who has time? 　　Yet the loss of formality has its down side．The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents(“Chew with your mouth closed．”“Keep your elbows off the table．”)must be picked up elsewhere．Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially． (1) Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining? [　　] A． Family members need more time to relax． B． Busy schedules leave people no time for formality． C． People prefer to live a comfortable life． D． Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation (2) It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ________． [　　] A． a seller of stainless steel tableware B． a dealer in stoneware C． a pottery chain store D． a producer of fine china (3) The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ________． [　　] A． the increased value of the pound B． the worsening economy in Asia C． the change in people’s way of life D． the fierce competition at home and abroad (4) Formal table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, ________． [　　] A． are still a must on certain occasions B． are certain to return sooner or later C． are still being taught by parents at home D． can help improve personal relationships

完形填空：

    Mt．Qomolangma was first conquered (征服)in 1953, when Sir Edmund Hillary and She pa Tenzing, his guide(向导)，became the first climbers to reach the top．More than 750 times have people tried to conquer the mountain, but not 1 successful, yet every climber knows the 2 reaching the top．

    Two such climbers, and two 3 ones, are Scott Fischer and Rob Hall． Fischer, an American guide with much experience, was lost in a terrible storm which swept across the 4 ．A rescue team (营救队)found him and his friend, but didn't 5 to bring Fischer to safety in the terrible conditions because he was dying． New Zealander Rob Hall, 6 experienced climber and guide, was lost near the top． These two men had something in common: they were both guides who took ‘tours’ of less experienced climbers up the mountain．

    There is a lot that can go wrong in an action to reach the top of Mt． Qomolangma: a 7 change in weather conditions or a wrong turning．Planes will only be sent to rescue if they 8 in advance． In spite of all these, there is a business in leading guided tours to the top． 9 mountain climbers can now pay $ 64,000 or more to achieve their aim．

    Many people wonder how guides can hope to 10 their inexperienced climbers when they fail to keep themselves alive． Steve Bell, also a guide who has recently led a team to Mt． Qomolangma, believes that they are safer than others, because the guide can ask a 11 climber to turn back at any 12 if he feels that 13 is a danger to the team．

    Whether these expeditions (远征)are safe or not, many climbers feel that they have turned Mt．Qomolangma into a business, like a park for the very rich． One 14 ,however, will always remain : it doesn't matter how much money you have, if you make a mistake on Mt． Qomolangma, the possible result will be 15 ．

1．A．every B．each

   C．one D．all

[　　]

2．A．results B．fact

   C．problem D．dangers

[　　]

3．A．unknown B．unimportant

   C．unlucky D．unpleasant

[　　]

4．A．camp B．land

   C．river D．mountain

[　　]

5．A．try B．manage

   C．succeed D．do their best

[　　]

6．A．other B．next

   C．another D．second

[　　]

7．A．sudden B．wrong

   C．strange D．special

[　　]

8．A．have paid

   B．are being paid

   C．had been paid for

   D．have been paid for

[　　]

9．A．Experienced B．wrong

   C．strange D．special

[　　]

10．A．look after B．deal with

   C．find out D．do good to

[　　]

11．A．shy B．weak

   C．strong D．brave

[　　]

12．A．where B．way

    C．path D．point

[　　]

13．A．guide B．climber

    Csomeone D．mountain

[　　]

14．A．word B．truth

   C．thought D．sentence

[　　]

15．A．sorrow B．defeat

   C．death D．regret

[　　]

阅读理解 　　Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(切口)in a patient's body in order to gain access to the organs inside．It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient's chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart．Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin．In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period． 　　A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become common in recent years．In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed．Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera is put into the body．The camera is attached to a large monitor screen and the doctor can see it while performing the operation．In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes．The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right． 　　Another new machine called the “Da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the US．Unlike keyhole surgery, this robot's moving parts are designed to copy man's hand and wrist movement, thus providing better control and sensitivity．Sitting at a console(控制台)a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can control the instruments by moving highly sensitive pads．The area of the body is enlarged on a screen, which gives surgeons a view similar to that of a traditional surgical procedure． 　　The Da Vinci Surgical System has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons．Patients with serious illness must undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions typically mean a shorter recovery time．On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology．As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease． (1) What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage? [　　] A． Long incisions are made in a patient's chest． B． It often takes a longer time to do an operation． C． The cost of the traditional surgery is very high． D． The incision is likely to be infected after the operation． (2) Which of the following is one disadvantage of keyhole surgery? [　　] A． It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera． B． The doctors can not view the inside of the patients body clearly． C． The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is opposite． D． A tiny camera has to be inserted into the patient's body in advance． (3) The Da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that it ________． [　　] A． requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient B． reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure C． allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively D． gets rid of the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients (4) The passage mainly tells readers about ________． [　　] A． the challenges brought about by new technology B． the application of new technologies in modern surgery C． the reflections on the development in medical science D． the benefits and drawbacks of the Da Vinci Surgical System

阅读理解 　　When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma's generation．Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best．But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware(粗陶)and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look．For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort．For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times． 　　Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce．That brings to more than 4, 000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery(陶瓷)region．Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier． 　　Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts．A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining．Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television． 　　Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual．In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party．Too often, the perfect moment never comes．Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it．Polish the silver? Who has time? 　　Yet the loss of formality has its down side．The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents(" Chew with your mouth closed．" "Keep your elbows off the table．")must be picked up else-where．Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially． (1) Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining? [　　] A． Family members need more time to relax． B． Busy schedules leave people no time for formality． C． People prefer to live a comfortable life． D． Young people won't follow the etiquette of the older generation． (2) It can be learned from the passage that 'Royal Doulton is________． [　　] A． a seller of stainless steel tableware B． a dealer in stoneware C． a pottery chain store D． a producer of fine China (3) The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is________． [　　] A． the increased value of the pound B． the worsening economy in Asia C． the change in people's way of life D． the fierce competition at home and abroad

阅读理解 　　When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma’s generation．Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best． 　　But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware(粗陶)and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look．For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort．For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times． 　　Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs－one-fifth of its total workforce．That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery(陶瓷)region．Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier． 　　Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts．A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company“has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend”toward casual dining．Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television． 　　Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual．In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a“real”dinner party．Too often, the perfect moment never comes．Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth?Forget it．Polish the silver?Who has time? 　　Yet the loss of formality has its down side．The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents(“Chew with your mouth closed．”“Keep your elbows off the table．”)must be picked up elsewhere．Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially． (1) Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining? [　　] A． Family members need more time to relax． B． Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation C． People prefer to live a comfortable life． D． Busy schedules leave people no time for formality． (2) It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ________． [　　] A． a seller of stainless steel tableware B． a producer of fine china C． a pottery chain store D． a dealer in stoneware (3) The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ________． [　　] A． the increased value of the pound B． the fierce competition at home and abroad C． the change in people’s way of life D． the worsening economy in Asia (4) Formal table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, ________． [　　] A． are still a must on certain occasions B． can help improve personal relationships C． are still being taught by parents at home D． are certain to return sooner or later

阅读理解 　　Mt．Qomolangma was first conquered(征服)in 1953, when Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing, his guide, became the climbers to reach the top．More than 750 times have people tried to conquer the mountain, but not all successful, yet every climber knows the dangers．This doesn’t stop teams of climbers arriving at the base camp every year with the courage of reaching the top． 　　Two such climbers, and two unlucky ones are Scott Fischer and Rob Hall．Fischer, an American guide with much experience, was lost in a terrible storm which swept across the mountain．A rescue team found him and his friend, but didn’t manage to bring Fischer to safety in the terrible conditions because he was dying．New Zealander Rob Hall, another experienced climber and guide, was lost near the top．These two men had something in common：they were both guides and always took a “tour” of less experienced climbers up the mountain． 　　There is a lot that can go wrong in an action to reach the top of Mt．Qiomolangma：a sudden change in weather conditions or a wrong turning．Planes will only be sent to rescue if they have been paid for in advance．In spite of all these there is a business in leading guided tours to the top．Wealthy mountain climbers can now pay 64 000 or more to achieve their aim． 　　Many people wonder how guides can look after their inexperienced climbers when they fail to keep themselves alive．Steve Bell, also a guide who has recently led a team to Mt Qiomolangma, believes that they are safer than others, because the guide can ask a weak climber to turn back at any point if he feels that climber is a danger to the team． 　　Whether these expeditions(远征)are safe or not, many climbers feel they have turned Mt．Qiomolangma into a business, like a park for the very rich people．One truth, however, will always remain：it doesn’t matter how much money you have, if you make a mistake on Mt．Qiomolangma, the possible result will be death． (1) From the passage we can know ________． [　　] A． before 1953 people had tried to reach the mountain top over 750 times B． it’s difficult and dangerous to get to the top of Mt．Qomolangma C． only a few climbers become successful D． up to now the climbers have conquered the mountain around 750 times (2) In the second paragraph the underlined word “tour” refers to “________”． [　　] A． trip B． climb C． guide D． group (3) The plane will be sent to ________． [　　] A． rescue the climber in danger without rescue prepaid B． rescue any climber in danger? C． show the team with its guide the way to the top D． show the team to the safety (4) According to Bell, a good guide had to make a choice at times to ________ remain on the way to the top． [　　] A． the teammates in danger B． the teammates in safety C． the strong teammates D． those who are not dangerous (5) Although those who can afford to climb Mt．Qiomolangma are very rich, yet the mountain ________, according to the writer at the end of the passage． [　　] A． treats them as common life B． is not like a park for them C． has been turned into a business D． doesn’t bring lots of money to them

完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Mt. Qomolangma was first conquered(征服) in 1918, when Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing, his guide, became the first climbers to reach the top. People have tried more than 715 times to conquer the mountain, but not (1) successfully, yet every climber knows the (2). This doesn't stop teams of climbers from arriving at the base camp every year with the hope of reaching the top.

　　Two such climbers, two (3) ones, are Scott Fischer and Rob Hall. Fischer, an American guide with much experience, was (4) in a terrible storm which swept across the (5). A rescue team found him and his friend, but didn't (6) to bring Fischer to safety in the terrible conditions because he was dying. New Zealander Rob Hall, (7) experienced climber and guide, was lost near the top. These two men had something in common; they were both guides who (8) “tours” for less experienced climbers up the mountain.

　　There is a lot that can go (9) in an action to reach the top of Mt. Qomolangma: a (10) change in weather conditions or a wrong turning. Planes will only be sent to rescue if they have been paid (11) in advance. In spite of all this, there is a business in leading guided tours to the top. (12) mountain climbers can now pay $64,000 or more to achieve their aim.

　　Many people (13) how guides can (14) their inexperienced climbers when they fail to keep themselves alive. Steve Bell, also a guide who has (15) led a team to Mt. Qomolangma, believes that they are safer than others, because the guide can ask a (16) climber to turn back at any (17) if he feels that (18) is a danger to the team.

　　Whether these expeditions are safe or not, many climbers feel that they have turned Mt. Qomolangma into a business, like a park for the very rich. One (19), however, will always remain: it doesn't matter how much money you have, if you make a mistake on Mt. Qomolangma, the possible result will be (20).

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　   Mt. Qomolangma was first conquered (征服)in 1953, when Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing, his guide, became the climbers to reach the top. More than 750 times have people tried to conquer the mountain, but not all successful, yet every climber knows the dangers. This doesn’t stop teams of climbers arriving at the base camp every year with the courage of reaching the top.
  　Two such climbers, and two unlucky ones are Scott Fischer and Rob Hall. Fischer, an American guide with much experience, was lost in a terrible storm which swept across the mountain. A rescue team found him and his friend, but didn't manage to bring Fischer to safety in the terrible conditions because he was dying. New Zealander RobHall, another experienced climber and guide, was lost near the top. These two men had something in common: they were both guides and always took a "tour" of less experienced climbers up the mountain.

  　There is a lot that can go wrong in an action to reach the top of Mt. Qiomolangma; a sudden change in weather conditions or a wrong turning. Planes will only be sent to rescue if they have been paid for in advance. In spite of all these there is a business in leading guided tours to the top . Wealthy mountain climbers can now pay 64, 000 or more to achieve their aim.

Many people wonder how guides can hope to look after their inexperienced climbers when they fail to keep themselves alive. Steve Bell, also a guide who has recently led a team to Mt Qiomolangma, believed that they are safer than others, because the guide can ask a weak　climber to turn back at any point if he feels that climber is a danger to the team.

Whether these expeditions(远征)are safe or not, many climbers feel they have turned Mt. Qiomolangma into a business, like a park for the very rich people. One truth, however, will always remain: it doesn't matter how much money you have, if you make a mistake on Mt. 　Qiomolangma, the possible result will be death.

 

61.From the passage we can know_______.

A.before 1953 people had tried to reach the mountain top over 750 times

B.it's difficult and dangerous to get to the top of Mt. Qomolangma

C.only a few climbers become successful

D.up to now the climbers have conquered the mountain around 750 times

62.In the second paragraph the underlined word "tour" refers to "_________".

A. trip　　B. climb　　C. guide　　D. group
63.The plane will be sent to_________ .

A.rescue the climber in danger without rescue prepaid

B.rescue any climber in danger

C.show the team with its guide the way to the top

D.show the team to the safety

64.According to Bell, a good guide had to make a choice at times to _______remain on the way to the top.

A.the teammates in danger       B.the teammates in safety

C.the strong teammates           D.those who are not dangerous

65.Although those who can afford to climb Mt. Qiomolangma are very rich, yet the mountain ________, according to the writer at the end of the passage.

A.treats them as common life            B.is not like a park for them

C.has been turned into a business      D.doesn't bring lots of money to them

阅读理解 　　Car crashes are the top killer of American teenagers．Most of the crashes result from distracted driving not paying attention to the road． 　　Ryan Didone was a fifteen-year-old passenger．in a car that hit a tree．He was one of the nation's more than thirty thousand-victims of traffic crashes in 2008．Nearly four thousand．deaths, about twelve percent, involved drivers aged fifteen to twenty．Ryan's father, Thomas Didone, is a police captain in Montgomery County, Maryland．He said, "It was an inexperienced," immature driver who felt that he was invincible(不可战胜的), driving at night with a carload of kids．He was distracted, he was going too fast,　and it ended up causing one death and some upsetting experiences and tragedy for the rest of the community．" 　　Jim Jennings from the Allstate Insurance Company said "The number one cause of distracted-driving accidents is the mobile phone．Talking on the phone or reaching for it is like drinking four beers and driving．If you're texting while driving, you are twenty-three times more likely to get into an accident man somebody who isn't． 　　Reaching for a cell phone when it's going off, you're nine times more likely to get into an accident than normally driving," The insurance industry recently held a safety event　near Washington for teen drivers． 　　At first, nineteen-year-old Kevin．Schumann easily avoided large, inflatable(充气的)dolls thrown in front of the car to represent children．He also avoided orange cones representing the edge of the road．Then, as part of the test,he started texting．He hit several cones and at least one doll． 　　Debbie Pickford from the Allstate Insurance Company said, "Teens are especially at risk from distracted driving－and not just because they lack experience on the roads．What we know from research on teen brain, development, is mat teens don't (1) We-can learn from the second paraph that _________． [　　] A． drivers who resulted in nearly 4,000 deaths are teenagers B． over 30,000 victims have died from traffic crashes so far C． it was at night that Ryan Didone died from a car accident D． Ryan Didone's death was due to the driver's carelessness (2) According to the passage, _________ is the most likely to lead to a traffic accident while you are driving． [　　] A． reaching for a cell phone． B． texting on the mobile phone C． talking on the mobile phone D． bringing along a cell phone (3) A safety event held by insurance industry was meant to _________． [　　] A． attract more teenagers to take part in it B． make more teenagers practice avoiding large barriers C． draw encough attention to teenagers' distracted driving D． encourage more teenagers to pay for insurance protection (4) The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about _________． [　　] A． much higher risk B． measures to be taken C． experience on the roads D． teen brain development

阅读理解 　　When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma’s generation．Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best． 　　But in many other homes, this china and silver elegance has given way to a stoneware(粗陶器)and stainless steel informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual Friday look．For hosts and guests the change means greater simplicity and comfort．For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times． 　　Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke on Trent，announced that it is eliminating 1 000 jobs one fifth of its total workforce．That brings to more than 4 000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery(陶器)region．Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier． 　　Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoking have their roots in earthshaking social shifts．A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining．Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television． 　　Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual．In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party．Too often, the perfect moment never comes．Iron a fine patterned tablecloth? Forget it．Polish the silver? Who has time? 　　Yet the loss of formality has its down side．The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents(“Chew with your mouth closed．” “Keep your elbows off the table．”)must be picked up elsewhere．Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially． (1) Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining? [　　] A． Family members need more time to relax． B． Busy schedules leave people no time for formality． C． People prefer to live a comfortable life． D． Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the old generation． (2) It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ________． [　　] A． a seller of stainless steel tableware B． a dealer in stoneware C． a pottery chain store D． a producer of fine china (3) The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ________． [　　] A． the increased value of the pound B． the worsening economy in Asia C． the change in people’s way of life D． the fierce competition at home and abroad (4) Formal table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, ________． [　　] A． are still a must on certain occasions B． are certain to return sooner or later C． are still being taught by parents at home D． can help improve personal relationships

E

Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , he number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way .

First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have  desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air .

One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal (愈合) . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clan , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .

71．Why should running be done ?

       A．To make the tree grow taller . B．To improve the shape of the tree .

       C．to get rid of the small ranches .      D．To make the small branches thicker .

72．Trees become unhealthy if the gardener         .

       A．To help a wound to dry .

       B．To cover a rough surface .

       C．damages some of the small side branches

       D．Allows too many branches to grow in the middle

73．Why is a special material painted on the tree ?

       A．To help a wound to dry . B．to cover a rough surface .

       C．To make a wound smooth .     D．To prevent disease entering a wound .

74．A good gardener prunes a tree         .

       A．several times throughout the year B．as quickly as possible

       C．occasionally when necessary   D．regularly every winter

75．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ?

       A．To discuss different methods of pruning .

       B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning .

       C．To explain how trees develop disease .

       D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree .

阅读理解 　　Car crashes are the top killer of American teenagers．Most of the crashes result from distracted driving not paying attention to the road． 　　Ryan Didone was a fifteen-year-old passenger in a car that hit a tree．He was one of the nation's more than thirty thousand victims of traffic crashes in 2008．Nearly four thousand deaths, about twelve percent, involved drivers aged fifteen to twenty．Ryan's father, Thomas Didone, is a police captain in Montgomery County, Maryland．He said, "It was an inexperienced," immature driver who felt that he was invincible(不可战胜的), driving at night with a carload of kids．He was distracted, he was going too fast, and it ended up causing one death and some upsetting experiences and tragedy for the rest of the community．" 　　Jim Jennings from the Allstate Insurance Company said "The number one cause of distracted-driving accidents is the mobile phone．Talking on the phone or reaching for it is like drinking four beers and driving．If you're texting while driving, you are twenty-three times more likely to get into an accident than somebody who isn't． 　　Reaching for a cell phone when it's going off, you're nine times more likely to get into an accident than normally driving," The insurance industry recently held a safety event near Washington for teen drivers． 　　At first, nineteen-year-old Kevin．Schumann easily avoided large, inflatable dolls thrown in front of the car to represent children．He also avoided orange cones representing the edge of the road．Then, as part of the test,he started texting．He hit several cones and at least one doll． 　　Debbie Pickford from the Allstate Insurance Company said, "Teens are especially at risk from distracted driving－and not just because they lack experience on the roads．What we know from research on teen brain development, is that teens don't really have fully developed brains until they are twenty-five years old．You put those two things together and you get a much, much higher risk． (1) We can learn from the second paragraph that ________． [　　] A． drivers who resulted in nearly 4,000 deaths are teenagers B． over 30,000 victims have died from traffic crashes so far C． it was at night that Ryan Didone died from a car accident D． Ryan Didone's death was due to the other 's careless driving (2) According to the passage, ________ is the most likely to lead to a traffic accident while you are driving． [　　] A． reaching for a cell phone． B． texting on the mobile phone C． talking on the mobile phone D． bringing along a cell phone (3) A safety event held by insurance industry was meant to ________． [　　] A． attract more teenagers to take part in it B． make more teenagers practice avoiding large barriers C． draw encough attention to teenagers' distracted driving D． encourage more teenagers to pay for insurance protection (4) The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about ________． [　　] A． much higher risk B． measures to be taken C． experience on the roads D． teen brain development (5) Of all the following, which is the best title for the passage? [　　] A． Car Crashes－the Top Killer． B． Drunken Driving－Dangerous Enough！ C． Distracted Driving－Let's Avoid! D． Tips on Driving While Calling

Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and ，he number of such reasons is small．Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches ，and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way． 　　First ，pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size．The object may be to get a tree of the right height ，and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches ，which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape．Secondly ，pruning may be done to make the tree healthier．You may cut out diseased or dead wood ，or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds．The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air． 　　One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease ，but it is a wound that will heal (愈合)．Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die ，so that there is a period when the tree is at risk．It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible．It is important to make the area ，which has been pruned ，smooth and clan ，for healing will be slowed down by roughness．You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose．Pruning is usually done in winter ，for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed．If this does happen ，it is ，of course ，impossible to paint them properly． (1) Why should running be done ? [　　] A． To make the tree grow taller． B． To improve the shape of the tree． C． to get rid of the small ranches． D． To make the small branches thicker． (2) Trees become unhealthy if the gardener________ [　　] A． To help a wound to dry． B． To cover a rough surface． C． damages some of the small side branches D． Allows too many branches to grow in the middle (3) Why is a special material painted on the tree ? [　　] A． To help a wound to dry． B． to cover a rough surface． C． To make a wound smooth． D． To prevent disease entering a wound． (4) A good gardener prunes a tree________ [　　] A． several times throughout the year B． as quickly as possible C． occasionally when necessary D． regularly every winter (5) What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ? [　　] A． To discuss different methods of pruning． B． To introduce some common knowledge of pruning． C． To explain how trees develop disease． D． To give practical instruction for pruning a tree．