Do you know when and where the first republic ______ ?

A. turned into reality 　 B. existed

C. come into action 　 D. came into being

Do you know when and where ice cream got its start? It's an international favorite with a long and interesting history

The earliest ices were eaten in China many years ago. The people would put orange juice on ice .Later, this idea traveled to Italy. Nero, the emperor of Rome between 37 and 68 A.D, liked to eat ices as a special treat between violin lessons. He ordered runners to run to the mountains, get snow and quickly run back to the palace; The snow was mixed with fruit juices and nuts.

Around 1660,Coffee shops serving ice cream were very popular in Paris. Most of the coffee shops were owned by Italians. The first successful one was opened by a man from Sicily named Francesco Procopio.

Ice cream was probably brought to America in the early 1700's, and quickly became the favorite of American presidents. George Washington had ice cream pots and machines in his kitchen. Dolly Madison the wife of President Madison, was the first person to actually serve it in the White House. She made her guests very  happy when she served her favorite dessert.

Before ice cream was sold in stores, it was made and frozen at home. it took a lot of work to mix cream，eggs，fruit，and salt, and then to freeze it. Nancy Johnson, an American woman who was good with machines, invented the hand-turned ice cream freezer in 1846. Five years later, Jacob Fluse opened the first ice cream business, in Baltimore, Maryland His business quickly spread to other states. Today in the United States,  ice cream is not only a food , it is away of life.

1.What's the passage about? (No more than 10 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

2.From which country did ice cream begin to travel in the world? (No more than l word)

_____________________________________________________________________________

3.What does the underlined word "it" refer to in paragraph 4? (No more than 3 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

4.Who was the first person to serve the ice cream in White House'? (No more than 5 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

5.According to the passage ,what made ice cream so popular in the USA? Please list two reasons．

Do you know when ________?

A. does the basketball game begin            B. begins the basketball game

C. the basketball game begins                     D. will the basketball game begin

Do you know when ________?

A. does the basketball game begin            B. begins the basketball game

C. the basketball game begins                     D. will the basketball game begin

Do you know when ________?

1. A.
   does the basketball game begin
2. B.
   begins the basketball game
3. C.
   the basketball game begins
4. D.
   will the basketball game begin

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as much as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
　　The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Do you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?
　　Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.
　　Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture（夺回） world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.
46. According to the passage, when people grow accustomed to one particular brand of a product, its            sales will ______.                       
A. decrease gradually                                 B. become unstable
C. improve enormously                            D. remain at the same level
47. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _____ .
　A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastes
　B. often more expensive than old ones
　C. often inferior to old ones at first
　D. not easily accepted by the public
48. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _____ .
　A. work out marketing policies                   B. promote its production
　 C. increase its popularity                                      D. speed up its life cycle
49. The author mentions the example of "backpacks"(Line 4, Para.2 ) to show the importance of             _______ .
　 A. increasing usage among students       B. pleasing the young as well as the old
　 C. exploring new market sections             D. serving both military and civil needs
50. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _______ .
　 A. improving product feature                     B. making their products better
C. modernizing product style                    D. increasing product quantity

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as much as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
　　The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Do you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?
　　Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.
　　Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture（夺回） world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.
46. According to the passage, when people grow accustomed to one particular brand of a product, its            sales will ______.                       

A. decrease gradually                         B. become unstable

C. improve enormously                     D. remain at the same level
47. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _____ .
　 A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastes
 　B. often more expensive than old ones
　 C. often inferior to old ones at first
　 D. not easily accepted by the public
48. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _____ .
　 A. work out marketing policies             B. promote its production
　 C. increase its popularity                             D. speed up its life cycle
49. The author mentions the example of "backpacks"(Line 4, Para.2 ) to show the importance of             _______ .
　 A. increasing usage among students       B. pleasing the young as well as the old
　 C. exploring new market sections          D. serving both military and civil needs
50. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _______ .
　 A. improving product feature                      B. making their products better

C. modernizing product style               D. increasing product quantity

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as much as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).

　　The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Do you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?

　　Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.

　　Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture（夺回） world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.

46. According to the passage, when people grow accustomed to one particular brand of a product, its            sales will ______.                       

A. decrease gradually                                 B. become unstable

C. improve enormously                             D. remain at the same level

47. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _____ .

　 A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastes

 　B. often more expensive than old ones

　 C. often inferior to old ones at first

　 D. not easily accepted by the public

48. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _____ .

　 A. work out marketing policies                   B. promote its production

　 C. increase its popularity                                      D. speed up its life cycle

49. The author mentions the example of "backpacks"(Line 4, Para.2 ) to show the importance of             _______ .

　 A. increasing usage among students       B. pleasing the young as well as the old

　 C. exploring new market sections             D. serving both military and civil needs

50. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _______ .

　 A. improving product feature                     B. making their products better

C. modernizing product style                     D. increasing product quantity

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Simon: Linda, do you know when the visitors from China are coming?

Linda: We offer them three  1.  (choose): the end of March, the middle of April and the beginning of May, and they chose the earliest  2.  ,which is good actually with exams   3.  (come)up in May.

Simon: Right. And how many are coming? Did you say about 8?

Linda: Yes, they said 8 at first, but  4.  ( change) to 6 this morning.

Simon: Good, we have 5 weeks to prepare. Here are my suggestions. On the first day, a welcome party, then they can visit  5.  schools in the district on the second and third days.

Linda: We’ve got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet is being  6.  (use)in the classroom. That’s   7.  they are coming for.

Simon: Exactly,  8.  I want to ask Mr. Tod to give them a talk on this on the afternoon of the third day.

Linda: That will fit in very  9.  (nice).

Simon: And on the last day, they would do some sightseeing. We could take them on the tour of London, but many of them  10.  have been there already, and Scotland will be too far away.

Linda: Why not take them for a walk along the coast? It should be interesting.

Simon: Good idea! Linda. I’m sure they’ll like it.

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意题后词数要求）。

Good sleep is needed for good health. During sleep, your body repairs itself. Your immune system is built up. Don't shortchange（亏待，欺骗） yourself of the sleep you need. Here are someof an expert's tips for getting a good night's sleep.

1. Make sure your room is dark. Pull down the shades. Let no light of any kind in.

2. Before you go to sleep, ask your family not to turn on a light. Light breaks the sleep rhythm. Once broken, it's hard to get the sleep clock running right. As a result, you will not sleep well. You will wake up tired.

3. A hot bath just before bed is good. It makes you relax. You are at peace. This starts the desire for sleep.

4. During the day, ____________________.Even jogging(慢跑) will show good results. How about a good long walk? This will get your body to work. You will find that toward evening you will get that nice, tired feeling. Sleep then will come easily. Added to this, exercise is good for your health.

5. Here is what to do when you get up. Open the shades or blinds. Let the sun in. Open the  windows. Let the fresh air in. This sun and air get imprinted on your brain. The rhythm of being awake gets started. Your body clock is set for the day. That clock will let you know when it is the right time to go to sleep.

1.What does the underlined word ”It” mean? (Please answer within 5 words)

_________________________________________________________________

2.What's the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 15 words)

____________________________________________________________________

3.Please fill in the blank in the paragraph with the proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 5 words)

___________________________________________________________________________

4.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? (Please answer within 10 words)          To be healthy, you need good sleep.

_____________________________________________________________________________

5.How can we get a good sleep?(at least 3 suggestions) (Please answer within 30 words)

①____________________________________________________________________________

②____________________________________________________________________________

③_______________________________________________________________________

Never argue with one's own understanding.
The whisper of intelligence is always there, whatever you do.
If you create a time lag (隔绝层) between the whisper of intelligence and understanding in you and your action, then you are preventing the brain from growing into a new size. When you argue with intelligence, when you postpone acting according to understanding then there is confusion, the brain gets confused.
The voice of understanding, the voice of intelligence has insecurity about it. How do you know that it is the right thing?
So we tend to ignore it. Instead we accept authority. We obey.
But the brain cannot be orderly, competent, accurate and precise if you do not listen to it, if you have no respect. We are so busy with the outside world and its force that the world that is inside us does not command that respect and reverence (敬重), that care and concern from us.
So one has to be a disciple (信徒) of one's own understanding, and look upon that understanding as the master.
Sometimes one may commit a mistake, it might be the whim (念头) of the ego and we might mistake the whim, the wish of the ego for the voice of silence and intelligence, but that we have to discover. Unless you commit mistakes, how do you learn to discriminate between the false and the true? In learning there is bound to be a little insecurity, a possibility of committing mistakes. Why should one be terribly afraid of committing mistakes?
So instead of accepting the authority of habits and conditionings, while one is moving one watches, and when there is a suggestion, do not neglect, ignore, or insult the whisper from within and from one's own intelligence.
【小题1】What will happen if you refuse to follow your own understanding according to the above passage?

 Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph． There is one extra heading which you do not need．

1. __________

Lin（Jeremy Shu-How Lin）got to start for the Knicks because they had to start him． They had too many injuries． Baron Davis was gone． The other point guards were out． Carmelo Anthony was injured． Amare Stoudemire had to leave the team because of a family death． Lin could have squandered the opportunity and we would have never have noticed． But he made the most of it． You never know when opportunities are going to arise in life． Often, they’re when you least expect them． Make the most of them． Don’t waster them．

2. __________

Lin isn’t Michael Jordan or Kobe Bryant． He’s not a pure scorer． He’s a passer and distributor – who can also score very well． It didn’t work for him in Golden State or Houston – where he was before landing at the Knicks． But Mike D’Antoni’s system at the Knicks has been perfect for him to show off his strengths． You’ve got to do your best to understand what your strengths are and then ensure that you’re in a system （a job or organization or industry） that is a good fit for those strengths． Otherwise, people overlook the talents you bring to the table．

3. __________

You probably manage people at your own company today． Are you sure you don’t have a Jeremy Lin living among you now? How do you know that “Mike” couldn’t do amazing things if you gave him a new project to run with? How do you know “Sarah” isn’t the right person to take the open job in London that you’ve been talking over with your colleagues? We put people around us in boxes． He’s from Harvard． He’s Asian-American． Not sure he can play． How many assumptions have you made about talent around you? Don’t be like the General Managers in Golden State and Houston, and let talent slip through your fingers． With all their money, scouts（球探）, and testing, they didn’t have a clue what they had in their hands． Do you know what your people （or even yourself） are really capable of? Take off the blinders of assumptions you wear when you look at the world．

4. __________

If you one day are lucky enough to have newspapers want to put you on the cover in order to sell more, don’t let it get to your head． It’s been remarkable watching how humble Lin remains through all this media craze． It makes his teammates and fans love him that much more．

5. __________

Lin couldn’t have seized his opportunity if he hadn’t worked like crazy for years perfecting his skills． There are no short cuts to hard work． Success is a by product of that． If you’ve got a Tiger Mom who’s always pushed you to work hard, great． If not, let your conscience be your own Tiger Mom! Get up early, stay up late． Nobody gave Lin any free passes． Why should you get any? You can only control what you control and that means you’ve got to work harder than anyone else you know．

把下列单词填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填单词的形式变化）：

1 A group of Frenchmen and _________ are visiting Window to the World.

2 Please wait in line. Everyone will get his ________.

3 The doorknob (门把手) has come _________. Who will fix it?

4 Don’t always stay indoors. You’d better go __________ for fun time.

5 I once studied some Japanese at college, but I’m afraid that I’ve __________ forgotton it now.

6 Don’t scold him. After all, he is only a __________.

7 __________ often follows lightning.

8 People say that __________ is second nature.

9 China is going through good economic __________ these years.

10 Since you have question, why not turn to him for some __________?

11 My child spends most of the time playing online games. It really _________ me.

12 ___________ well with others is considered a kind of ability.

13 Seeing mother smiling at me among the audience, I felt _________ on the stage.

14 No one knew the __________ why he was absent from class a second time.

15 Seeing the famous film star appearing, all the fans became _________.

16 Do you know when President George Bush came into _________ ?

17 I __________ from a bad cold the other day. It took me days to get rid of it.

18 Only a few years after graduation my sister became the chief _________ with China Daily.

19 Can you design a ____________ to find out what kinds of friends your classmates like to make?

20 He is your father. How __________ you say to him like that?

21 Little Peter always lies to others. His classamtes won’t _________ him anymore.

22 Mrs Wang wrote on the blackboard: No _________ in exams!

23 Mary got very unhappy, for other friends __________ her at the party.

24 I got 90 __________ in the final English exam.

25 Before going shopping you’d better make a _______of what you are going to buy.

Never argue with one's own understanding.

The whisper of intelligence is always there, whatever you do.

If you create a time lag (隔绝层) between the whisper of intelligence and understanding in you and your action, then you are preventing the brain from growing into a new size. When you argue with intelligence, when you postpone acting according to understanding then there is confusion, the brain gets confused.

The voice of understanding, the voice of intelligence has insecurity about it. How do you know that it is the right thing?

So we tend to ignore it. Instead we accept authority. We obey.

But the brain cannot be orderly, competent, accurate and precise if you do not listen to it, if you have no respect. We are so busy with the outside world and its force that the world that is inside us does not command that respect and reverence (敬重), that care and concern from us.

So one has to be a disciple (信徒) of one's own understanding, and look upon that understanding as the master.

Sometimes one may commit a mistake, it might be the whim (念头) of the ego and we might mistake the whim, the wish of the ego for the voice of silence and intelligence, but that we have to discover. Unless you commit mistakes, how do you learn to discriminate between the false and the true? In learning there is bound to be a little insecurity, a possibility of committing mistakes. Why should one be terribly afraid of committing mistakes?

So instead of accepting the authority of habits and conditionings, while one is moving one watches, and when there is a suggestion, do not neglect, ignore, or insult the whisper from within and from one's own intelligence.

1.What will happen if you refuse to follow your own understanding according to the above passage?

A．Your brain will become smaller.

B．You will never get help from authority.

C．You will hardly know the world.

D．Your own intelligence will stop growing.

2.What is the function of committing mistakes from the view of the author?

A．Mistakes can make one practical.

B．Mistakes can make one know the facts.

C．Mistakes can allow one more time to develop.

D．Mistakes can improve one’s judgment.

3. The whole passage is developed by ______.

A．facts and ideas                         B．reasoning and explaining

C．scientific experiments                    D．arguing and debating

4.The best title of the passage might be ______.

A．Never argue with your own understanding

B．Never believe any authority while arguing

C．Never neglect whispers from around you

D．Never stop training yourself.

选择下列词语的适当形式填空 (每题1分,共10题, 满分10分)

1.Do you know when the earth ____________________.

2.After we heard his funny story, we all __________________________.

3.She says she is all right now, which makes me happy ______________.

4.I don’t know how to _____________ the problem .

5.___________, he is right in saying so.

6.He didn't work hard. _____________, he failed his exam.

7.The boss considers Mr Wang as the most able (能干的) member of the team and _____________ him.

8.When she was in difficulty, she didn't know whom to ___________for advice.

Mr. Cronin has a clock shop in the center of the town. He tries his best to 36  it well. He often receives the customers(顾客)  37  and people like to buy  38  in his shop.

It was a cold day and 39  people would go out to do some _40_. Mr. Black, one of Mr. Cronin’s_41_, came to the shop. He knew the man was_42_ his miserliness (吝啬). But he tried to persuade (说服) him to buy a watch in his shop.

“You’d better buy a watch for 43 _, Mr. Black,” said Mr. Cronin. “It’ll be _44_ to you whenever.”

“No, no,” said Mr. Black. “I’ll _45_need any watches.”

“But how do you know when it’s time to _46_?”

“The people who live around me always _47_ their televisions at seven for the news. So I can hear the announcer(播音员) say,  “ The time is seven o’clock.. Here is the news.”

“But you don’t know when to go to work.”

“That’s _48_,” Mr. Black said with a smile. “It takes me ten minutes to _49_ and shave（刮脸）. I have breakfast at twenty past seven. I get to the bus stop at twenty to eight and fifteen minutes later arrive at my office and _50_ working.”

“When do you _51_ your office, then?”

“There’s a _52_ near it, its siren(汽笛) can tell me the right time.”

“How do you know the time if you _53_ in the middle of the night?”

“I always put a stick by my bed”

“But a stick can’t tell you the time”

“You’re _54_. But I can use it to knock on your wall. You always _55_, “What are you knocking on my wall for at two in the night?”

1.A. watch        B. manage        C. build       D repair

2.                A．coldly          B．luckily          C．simply    D．warmly

3.A. something      B. everything      C nothing       D. anything

4.                A．many          B．most           C．plenty of  D．few

5.                A．work           B．reading         C．shopping  D．fishing

6.                A．neighbors       B．friends         C．classmates D．workmates

7.                A．good at         B．famous for       C．proud of  D．fond of

8.                A．you            B．me            C．yourself D．myself

9.                A．helpful         B．helpless         C．necessary D．important

10.               A．always         B．sometimes      C．never     D．often

11.               A．get up         B．go to bed       C．go to work D．have breakfast

12.               A．show          B．turn on         C．turn off    D．sell out

13.               A．easy           B．possible        C．different  D．probable

14.               A．cook           B．wash           C．tidy  D．rest

15.               A．finish          B．enjoy          C．keep D．start

16.               A．clean          B．leave          C．go to D．find

17.               A．railway station   B．post office      C．university  D．factory

18.               A．sit up          B．wake up        C．stand up   D．get up

19.               A．clever         B．right           C．wrong D．foolish

20.               A．shout          B．wonder        C．laugh D．request

Mr. Cronin has a clock shop in the center of the town. He tries his best to 36  it well. He often receives the customers(顾客)  37  and people like to buy  38  in his shop.
It was a cold day and 39  people would go out to do some _40_. Mr. Black, one of Mr. Cronin’s_41_, came to the shop. He knew the man was_42_ his miserliness (吝啬). But he tried to persuade (说服) him to buy a watch in his shop.
“You’d better buy a watch for 43 _, Mr. Black,” said Mr. Cronin. “It’ll be _44_ to you whenever.”
“No, no,” said Mr. Black. “I’ll _45_need any watches.”
“But how do you know when it’s time to _46_?”
“The people who live around me always _47_ their televisions at seven for the news. So I can hear the announcer(播音员) say,  “ The time is seven o’clock.. Here is the news.”
“But you don’t know when to go to work.”
“That’s _48_,” Mr. Black said with a smile. “It takes me ten minutes to _49_ and shave（刮脸）. I have breakfast at twenty past seven. I get to the bus stop at twenty to eight and fifteen minutes later arrive at my office and _50_ working.”
“When do you _51_ your office, then?”
“There’s a _52_ near it, its siren(汽笛) can tell me the right time.”
“How do you know the time if you _53_ in the middle of the night?”
“I always put a stick by my bed”
“But a stick can’t tell you the time”
“You’re _54_. But I can use it to knock on your wall. You always _55_, “What are you knocking on my wall for at two in the night?”
【小题1】A. watch        B. manage        C. build       D repair