United States President George W. Bush is expected to issue a directive in the next few weeks. It will give the US Air Force a green light for the development of space weapons, US media reported last week.
This would potentially start a new global arms race, some experts have warned.
To keep that from happening, last Wednesday the White House explained that it was not considering putting weapons in space. It said it was making a shift in US space policy to allow for protection of satellites.
But some defense analysts and arms control advocates argue that the policy will pave the way for the US to put both defensive and offensive weapons in space.
“No one should be fooled,” said Theresa Hitchens, an American weapons expert.
The US is now restricted by a 1996 directive signed by President Bill Clinton. Plans for space weapons were vetoed by the Clinton cabinet. The directive emphasized the peaceful use of space , in agreement with almost unanimous global opinion.
The US military has placed importance on space and has sent up numberous satellites for troop communications and to provide intelligence and data to guide bombs to their targets.
The US Air Force wants to develop space- based weapons that could strike targets anywhere in the world within 90 minutes of receiving the order to open fire.
These new weapons under development cover a wide range. They include hunter- killer satellites and orbiting weapons. And they use lasers, radio waves, or even dense metal tubes, known as “ Rods from God”, dropped from space to do the damage.
There are many barriers to the setting up of this kind of program, experts say.
First is the coast. It is estimated that the budget may be US $数学公式$ 1 trillion .
The technical difficulties of developing reliable space weapons are also a problem.
And, the program will draw strong criticism from around the world. Experts worry about starting a space arms race

1.
Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  US Military Plans
2. B.
  The Global Arms Race
3. C.
  A Comparison between Two Presidents
4. D.
  President George W. Bush and the World Peace
2.
According to this passage, which of the following is NOT true?
1. A.
  President George W. Bush supports space weapon development
2. B.
  The space weapon program will threaten world peace
3. C.
  Clinton government was poorer than Bush government
4. D.
  The US space weapon project is very expensive
3.
After reading this passage, it can be inferred that “___________ “
1. A.
  George W. Bush’s directive to be issued will be against global opinions
2. B.
  The White House is right in explaining that US new space policy aims to protect satellites
3. C.
  US government has little difficulty in developing new space weapons
4. D.
  President George W. Bush and Bill Clinton share a lot in common
4.
The author’s attitude towards the coming space weapon development is _______
1. A.
  optimistic
2. B.
  critical
3. C.
  excited
4. D.
  indifferent

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Slow parenting means parenting children in the contact of nature without any interference (干预) of materialistic influence. We can also term it as “self-raising”. In slow parenting children are allowed to do what they think proper and parents just keep a watch over the child. Curiosity of the child leads to exploring and discovering things. Parents provide little help only when it’s too necessary, otherwise keep themselves away from the child and just have a look on him/her: This brings about a feeling of self-dependency and they are encouraged to solve their problems.
This is a natural way of learning. When a child is left to learn in a natural environment, the child’s natural development takes place. Influence of any materialistic way doesn’t let the mind develop naturally. Watching TV, playing video games or joining classes of dance, swimming or any other sports will not let the mind develop naturally.
Here creativity of their mind is developed. They explore ideas. The logic behind this is that the kids of animals learn by nature, so can our kids. So let our children play in the garden, to watch flowers, plants, birds, butterflies and other gifts of nature. In the classes of dance, swimming etc. their creativity is influenced and their natural creativity is suppressed (压制). In these classes they are overburdened and can’t train their creativity. So let them play in the open air or garden without any burden instead of joining classes.
Generally parents give toys to their children and explain how to operate them. But those parents who believe in slow parenting give toys and observe how the children are managing them. Their skill to learn and understand comes out. Maybe the process is slow, but it will be their exploration, which will make them self-dependent, and self-capable to learn.

1.
In slow parenting, parents ______.
1. A.
  set limits to what their children do
2. B.
  keep a close watch over their children
3. C.
  give the whole directions to what their children do
4. D.
  give their children freedom to do what they think proper
2.
What is the main advantage of slow parenting according to the passage?
1. A.
  Arousing children’s curiosity.
2. B.
  Helping children to be independent.
3. C.
  Making children interested in exploring nature.
4. D.
  Keeping children away from materialistic influence.
3.
We can infer from the third paragraph that______.
1. A.
  children should join some classes
2. B.
  slow parenting should be done in a logical way
3. C.
  exploring nature is a good way of slow parenting
4. D.
  children can’t learn by nature like the kids of animals
4.
What is the passage mainly about?
1. A.
  Slow parenting and its advantages.
2. B.
  Different parenting styles.
3. C.
  The requirements of slow parenting.
4. D.
  The author’s opinion on slow parenting.

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Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

1.
According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.
1. A.
  the visitors to his office
2. B.
  the psychology lessons he has
3. C.
  his physical feeling of coldness
4. D.
  the things he has bought online
2.
The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.
1. A.
  adults should develop social skills
2. B.
  babies need warm physical contact
3. C.
  caregivers should be healthy adults
4. D.
  monkeys have social relationships
3.
In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.
1. A.
  evaluate someone’s personality
2. B.
  write down their hypotheses
3. C.
  fill out a personal information form
4. D.
  hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
4.
We can infer from the passage that ______.
1. A.
  abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
2. B.
  feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
3. C.
  physical temperature affects how we see others
4. D.
  capable persons are often cold to others
5.
What would be the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
2. B.
  Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
3. C.
  Developing Better Drinking Habits.
4. D.
  Physical Sensations and Emotions.

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Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need.It has been demonstrated（证明）that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles.When a fragrant（香的）flavor（作料）was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water.In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria（自助） feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them.They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in.We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.
So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose.Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could.Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits.Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs.So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.

1.
In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to _____________ .
1. A.
  encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched water
2. B.
  find out rats’ preference in flavor
3. C.
  test whether rats know which drink is good for them
4. D.
  demonstrate the vitamins are tasteless
2.
According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because_________.
1. A.
  adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health
2. B.
  adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods
3. C.
  adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs
4. D.
  adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns
3.
The author implied in the passage that most of us_________.
1. A.
  eat a balanced diet
2. B.
  choose the food that is of nutrition
3. C.
  have the habits influenced by the surroundings
4. D.
  like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor.
4.
As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________.
1. A.
  both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet
2. B.
  both prefer flavored food and drink
3. C.
  both have the same eating patterns
4. D.
  both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors

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LINDA MAYNARD
11 Windrift Circle
Methuen, MA
978 – 555 – 4539
JOB OBJECTIVE
Seek special education, primary school, or middle school math teaching position.
EDUCATION
Rivier College, Nashua, NH
Bachelor of Arts in Education – May, 2006
Major: Elementary Education
Have successfully completed PRAXIS I and PRAXIS II. Meet highly qualified testing requirements for Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
November, 2005 – January, 2006
Wilkins Elementary School, Amherst, NH
Student Teacher
· Developed and completed student – centered lessons in all subject areas for various groups of fifth grade special and regular education students.
·Adapted lessons to meet students’ needs by reviewing their backgrounds and learning needs through IEPs.
·Communicated with parents on a regular basis via newsletters, daily or weekly progress reports, phone calls, and email, resulting in increased parental participation at home.
September, 2005 – November, 2005
Charlotte Avenue Elementary School, Nashua, NH
Student Teacher
·Taught reading and writing through Language Experience Approach methods.
·Introduced a Writer’s Workshop appropriate for first grade students to help them to develop their writing skills.
·Developed learning stations in reading and science, enabling students to be more independent learners.
Spring, 2005
Wilkins Elementary School, Amherst, NH
Designed and taught a unit on Insects and Spiders, based on New Hampshire Standards to 23 self -contained, third and fourth grade students with disabilities.
Fall, 2004
Amherst Street Elementary School, Nashua, NH
Taught a class of 24 third grade students with a wide range of abilities.
ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE
·After-School Aid, Amherst School District, Amherst, NH (2004 – 2005)
·Summer Camp advisor, YMCA, Nashua, NH (Summers, 2002 and 2003)
·Big Brother / Big Sister Volunteer, Nashua, NH (2002 – 2005)

1.
What kind of job does Linda want to get?
1. A.
  A Big Brother / Big Sister Volunteer.
2. B.
  A middle school math teacher.
3. C.
  A special education advisor.
4. D.
  A summer camp advisor.
2.
Linda has worked for the following schools EXCEPT ________.
1. A.
  Rivier College, Nashua, NH
2. B.
  Wilkins Elementary School, Amherst, NH
3. C.
  Charlotte Avenue Elementary School, Nashua, NH
4. D.
  Amherst Street Elementary School, Nashua, NH
3.
What can we know about Linda according to the passage?
1. A.
  She was merely interested in developing student’s math abilities.
2. B.
  She was not active in participating in after – school activities.
3. C.
  She is permitted to teach in any high school of New York.
4. D.
  She has plenty of experience in teaching.
4.
Which of the following is NOT included in the ways Linda used to communicate with the students’ parents?
1. A.
  Newsletters.
2. B.
  Phone calls.
3. C.
  Face-to-face talks.
4. D.
  Daily or weekly progress reports.

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1. B：作者不是从其他运动，而是从冲浪运动中获得（get）了无止境的挑战的体会。再则，前文The feeling I get when I'm surfing across that water，becoming one with the ocean也有暗示。take from减少，降低；get from从……得到；make from由……制造； keep from阻止，隐瞒，抑制。

2. C你永远也不会是最好的冲浪手，因为大洋呈现、提供（offer）的是任何人都控制不了的、数不尽的、各种各样的海浪。catch抓住，捕获；include包括，包含；offer提供；collect收集，聚集。

3. A有些冲浪手自由自在、娴熟流畅，有些冲浪手则活跃有力、生机勃勃。注意这两个句子的并列关系，应该特别注意free 和 flowing之间词义的顺承和协调"自由而流畅"，后句的aggressive and__3__也应该是这样一种意义联系，故选择A，sharp可以表示"精明敏捷的，迅速活泼，有力有为"意思，其它三项在意义上与aggressive的顺承和协调相距甚远。

4. D所有的这些都在吸引着我去冲浪，并使之不同于（different）其他运动。注意此段第一句The one thing I can get from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge.也有所暗示。（be）different from和……不同。（be）far from远离，远非；known和right通常不与from搭配。

5. B我尽力（try）地劝我所认识的每一个女孩去做人们认为女孩不能做的事情。choose选择、挑选；try试图、努力；learn学习；promise答应、许诺。

6. A朝着新的水平（level）不断前进是人类活动的组成部分。level水平，水准，标准，级别；point 点，尖端；step步调，步伐，步骤，措施；part 部分，局部。

7. C所以女孩子们难道不应当拾级而上，开始冲破（push）男人们过去主宰的事物的极限吗？reach到达，伸出；accept 接受，认可；push突出，突破攻击；set 放置，树立，调整。

8. D在我们国家有女性和总统不仅仅一起坐（sit），步行（walk），战斗（fight），而且并肩工作（work）着。同时注意句子的一般现在时意义特征，表示经常性的行为。

9. C所以为什么女孩子不能够肩并肩地与男孩子一起踢足球，外出一起冲浪呢？介词on表示"在……供职"、"（是）……的成员"，on the football team的意思是"是/成为足球队队员"。

10. B给女孩子一个获得成功（succeed）的机会，让她们思考（think），感觉（feel）表演（perform），她们就都会有所成就。

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Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

According to this passage, which of the following is NOT true?

After reading this passage, it can be inferred that “___________ “

The author’s attitude towards the coming space weapon development is _______

In slow parenting, parents ______.

What is the main advantage of slow parenting according to the passage?

We can infer from the third paragraph that______.

What is the passage mainly about?

According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

We can infer from the passage that ______.

What would be the best title for the passage?

In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to _____________ .

According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because_________.

The author implied in the passage that most of us_________.

As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________.

What kind of job does Linda want to get?

Linda has worked for the following schools EXCEPT ________.

What can we know about Linda according to the passage?

Which of the following is NOT included in the ways Linda used to communicate with the students’ parents?