阅读下面短文，根据第1至第3小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。

A is for always getting to work on time.

B is for being extremely busy.

C is for the conscientious（勤勤恳恳的）way you do your job.

You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead,

experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.

Dale Carnegie suggested as much as more than 50 years ago hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet , despite the obvious rewards of being dedicated to office politics –a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable —or unwilling—to “play the game.”

“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative（工于心计的）behavior,” says Deborah Comeran, assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics comes from the word ‘polite’. It can mean persuading and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”

In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to seek one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of getting along with others within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.

Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people , they say, have an idealistic idea of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery（奉承），fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear, to be flattering their boss for favors.

Experts suggest changing this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self promotion.

1．What does it mean by saying “many people are still unable—or unwilling—to ‘play the game’”?（回答词数不超过15个）

2．According to today’s experts, what is office politics?（回答词数不超过12个）

3．What’s the main idea of the passage?（回答词数不超过8个）

根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母或中文，写出各单词的正确形式（每空限填一词）。
【小题1】Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a l     of exercise.
【小题2】Li Hui a     a good knowledge of English during her stay in London Last year .
【小题3】The boy has cut his finger and it is b          heavily.
【小题4】The bus came a     of time , and Mary was not ready.
【小题5】His mother still t     him as a child though he is 25 years old .
【小题6】We know this place well, so we can be your  g     .
【小题7】If everybody helps a little , it really makes a d     to our environment .
【小题8】Our teacher was d     that we were successful in our examination .
【小题9】The doctor will see you again next week. M    , you must rest as much as possible .
【小题10】This coat is much too t_______. Please show me a bigger one.

阅读下面短文，根据第1至第3小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。

A long time ago，Milton S．Hershey，the creator of the popular chocolate bars，was dipped in warm chocolate．I know all about it．My grandfather was there!

At nineteen，Hershey established a candy business in Philadelphia．Although it failed，he tried again in several other cities and succeeded with Crystal A Caramels．But Hershey was not content．He began experimenting with chocolate and managed to sell his first chocolate bars in 1900．They were an instant success．In 1903，Hershey built a factory．

Hershey was usually pleasant and kind and enjoyed a good joke．However，in his chocolate factory，he held high standards for all the workers．He was both respected and feared．His anger would burst out when things didn't go as he'd expected，and workers were fired for mistakes．

My grandfather began working in the factory as a young man．His job was to push the vats（大桶）of warm chocolate to a storage area．To do this，he had to push the heavy vats up a ramp（斜坡）and across the walkway．One day，Hershey was walking backward on the walkway while my grandfather was pushing a vat of chocolate up the ramp．Bump．Clunk．Ker-plop! Hershey fell backward into the vat．Everyone else held their breath and ran up to pull him out．Grandfather froze in fear．Was he going to lose his job?

Hershey stood stiffly with his hands on his hips．Color rose in his face．He said something in a low voice．Then he smiled．“It's not your fault，son，” he said．“I need to watch where I’m going．” He put some chocolate in his mouth．“Mmm，that's good，” he said．Everyone laughed．The tour continued，with Hershey dripping chocolate as he went．And Grandfather kept his job．

1．What did Grandfather do in Hershey's factory? （回答词数不超过12个）

2．Why didn’t Hershey fire Grandfather? （回答词数不超过10个）

3．What does the incident show us about Hershey? （回答词数不超过15个）

阅读下面短文，根据第1至第5小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。

Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia（痴呆） in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.

Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s（早老痴呆症）. University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.

“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy（怀孕） are protecting the brain, including estrogen（雌激素）, which we know has many neuroprotective （保护神经的） effects,” Kinsley said.  

“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”

Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.

“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.

“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations（改变） to the brain.”

1．What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage? （回答词数不超过4个）

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2．How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”? （回答词数不超过8个）

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3．“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest? （回答词数不超过13个）

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4．What is the main idea of this passage? （回答词数不超过10个）

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