How to be Prepared

Electricity, water, gas and telephone may not be working after an earthquake. The police and fire department are likely to be tied up. You should be prepared to take care of yourself for at least three days, preferably for a week.

   This list can also be applied to other disasters, such as floods or wildfires.

   1. food and water (a gallon a day per person)

   2. a first aid kit

   3. a fire extinguisher suitable for all types of fires

   4. flashlights, a portable radio extra batteries

   5. blankets, clothes, shoes and money (ATMs may not work)

   6. baby and pet food

   It’s also a good idea to decide beforehand how and where your family will reunite if separated during a quake and to conduct in-home practice drills.

                      During an Earthquake

   If you are indoors, stay there. Get under and hold onto a desk or table, or stand against an interior wall. Stay away from exterior walls, glass, heavy furniture, and stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use the elevator.

   If you are outside, get into the open, stay into the open, stay away from buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you.

   If you are driving, move the car out of traffic and stop, avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses, Try to get clear of trees, light posts, signs and power lines.

   If you are in a crowded public place, avoid panicking and do not rush for the exit. Stay low and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.

                    After an Earthquake

   If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency. Likewise, avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles.

   Be aware that items may fall out of cupboards or closets when the door is opened, and also that chimneys can be weakened and fall with touch. Check for cracks and damage to the roof and foundation of your home.

   Listen to the radio for important information and instructions. Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right, generally follow large quakes.

   If you leave home, leave a message telling friends and family your location.

1.Which of the following items is unnecessary to prepare before an earthquake？

A. Batteries  　B. Cash    C. Medicine    D. Credit card 

2.When an earthquake comes，you should ______. 

A. hide yourself in the kitchen

B. rush for the exit immediately

C. stay away from heavy objects

D. call the police right away 

3.When an earthquake is over，you should______. 

A. drive a car to take your family to the safe place

B. check the security of your home

C. call your relatives to tell them you are safe

D. clear up the mess as soon as possible.

4.Which of the following sentences is true according to the passage？ 

A. You’d better make it clear how and where your family will reunite if separated during a quake after the quake happens. 

B. If you are indoors, get into the open. 

C. If you are in a crowded public place, avoid panicking and do rush for the exit. 

D. If the phone still works, only use it when necessary. 

5.What does the underlined word “aftershock ” mean? 

A. A less serious quake following a large earthquake in the same area.

B. A further reaction following the shock of a deeply disturbing thing.

C. A mess one has to deal with after a terrible thing.

D. An instruction the government gives to solve problems. 

 

第一节 完形填空 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)

    阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of these   1   are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are   2   and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows   3   and pale and has changed so much that it is almost   4   to the parents. It was then   5   that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and   6   the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended   7  . However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been   8  . In those cases there was often a way to get the   9   baby back. You could   10 

the Changeling on the fire--then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies’ laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby.

A. babies                B. believers               C. fairies                     D. supermen

A. powerful    B. cruel                     C. frightened                D. extraordinary

A. sick             B. slim                      C. short                       D. small

A. uncomfortable      B. unbelievable          C. unacceptable            D. unrecognizable

A. feared                B. predicted               C. heard                             D. reported

A. covered              B. changed                C. replaced                  D. terrified

A. cases                  B. tools                     C. steps                        D. methods

A. missed                B. stolen                    C. found                      D. lost

A.1ittle            B. pale                      C. sad                          D. real

A. seize                 B. burn                     C. place                       D. hold

Hans was an honest fellow with a funny round good-humored face. Living alone, every day he worked in his garden. In all the countryside there was no garden so lovely as his. All sorts of flowers grew there, blooming in their proper order as the months went by, one flower taking another flower’s place, so that there were always beautiful things to see, and pleasant odors to smell.
Hans had many friends, the most devoted being the Miller. So devoted was the rich Miller to Hans that he’d never go by his garden without plucking a large bunch of flowers or a handful of sweet herbs, or filling his pockets with fruits. The Miller used to talk about noble ideas, and Hans nodded and smiled, feeling proud of having such a friend.
The neighbors thought it strange that the rich Miller never gave Hans anything in return, though he had hundreds of sacks of flour, many cows and sheep, but Hans never troubled his head about these, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things about the unselfishness of true friendship.
In spring, summer, and autumn Hans was very happy, but when winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to sell, he suffered from cold and hunger. Though extremely lonely, the Miller never came to see him then.
“There’s no good in going to see Hans while the snow lasts.” The Miller said to his wife, “When people are in trouble they shouldn’t be bothered. So I’ll wait till the spring comes when he’s happy to give me flowers.”
“You’re certainly very thoughtful,” answered his wife, “It’s quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship.”
“Couldn’t we ask Hans up here?” said their son. “I’ll give him half my meal, and show him my white rabbits.”
“How silly you are!” cried the Miller. “I really don’t know what’s the use of sending you to school. If Hans came up here, and saw our warm fire, our good supper, and our red wine, he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybody’s nature. I am his best friend, and I’ll always watch over him, and see that he’s not led into any temptation. Besides, if Hans came here, he might ask me for some flour. Flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they shouldn’t be confused. The words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things. Everybody can see that.” He looked seriously at his son, who felt so ashamed that he hung his head down, and grew quite scared, and began to cry into his tea.
Spring coming, the Miller went down to see Hans. Again he talked about friendship. “Hans, friendship never forgets. I’m afraid you don’t understand the poetry of life. See, how lovely your roses are!”
Hans said he wanted to sell them in the market to buy back his things which were sold during the hard time of the winter.
“I’ll give you many good things. I think being generous is the base of friendship.” said the Miller. “And now, as I’ll give you many good things, I’m sure you’d like to give me some flowers in return. Here’s the basket, and fill it quite full.”
Poor Hans was afraid to say anything. He ran and plucked all his pretty roses, and filled the Miller’s basket, imagining the many good things promised by the Miller.
The next day he heard the Miller calling: “Hans, would you mind carrying this sack of flour for me to market?”
“I’m sorry, but I am really very busy today.”
“Well,” said the Miller, “considering that I’m going to give you my things, it’s rather unfriendly of you to refuse. Upon my word, you mustn’t mind my speaking quite plainly to you.”
Poor Hans was driven by his friendship theory to work hard for his best friend, leaving his garden dry and wasted.
One evening Hans was sitting by fire when the Miller came.
“Hans,” cried the Miller, “My little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself, and I’m going for the Doctor. But he lives so far away, and it’s such a bad windy night. It has just occurred to me that you can go instead of me. You know I’m going to give you my good things, so you should do something for me in return.”
“Certainly,” cried Hans. He struggled into the stormy night, and got the doctor to ride a horse to the Miller’s house in time to save the boy. However, Hans got lost in the darkness, and wandered off into a deep pool, drowned.
At Hans’ funeral, the Miller said, “I was his best friend. I should walk at the head of the procession.” Every now and then he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief.
【小题1】From the passage, we can learn that Hans ___________.

A．was extremely wise and noble

B．was highly valued by the Miller

C．admired the Miller very much

D．had a strong desire for fortune

【小题2】“Flour is one thing, and friendship is another” can be understood as ___________.

A．“Different words may mean quite different things.”

B．“Interest is long-lasting while friendship is flexible.”

C．“I’m afraid you don’t understand the poetry of life.”

D．“I think being generous is the base of friendship.”

【小题3】From the Miller’s talk at home, we can see he was ___________.

A．serious but kind

B．helpful and generous

C．caring but strict

D．selfish and cold-hearted

【小题4】What’s the main cause of Hans’ tragedy?

A．True friendship between them.

B．A lack of formal education.

C．A sudden change of weather.

D．Blind devotion to a friend.

【小题5】The author described the Miller’s behavior in order to ___________.

A．entertain the readers with an incredible joking tale

B．show the friendship between Hans and the Miller

C．warn the readers about the danger of a false friend

D．persuade people to be as intelligent as the Miller

In a generous display of maturity and sympathy, one Jewish boy made his first deed as a man in his faith a great act of charity. Joshua Neidorf, a 13-year-old boy from Los Angeles, donated most of his birthday money to Operation Mend, a program that reconstructs the faces of severely burned U. S. veterans（退伍老兵）.

The young man decided to donate his money after getting to know Army Sgt. Louis Dahlman, who was undergoing a series of reconstruction surgeries（手术）at UCLA（University of California at Los Angeles）thanks to Operation Mend. The Neidorfs had signed up to be Dahlman’s “buddy family”, spending time with him whenever he visited Los Angeles for a surgery.

“I just love knowing that it’s going somewhere...to help the people who save our lives and keep us safe every day,” said Neidorf. His mother added, “It makes me feel like our world is going in a good direction with this next generation.”

In all, Neidorf gave $13,000 to Operation Mend. He also encouraged his friends to donate to the cause. He is the organization’s youngest donor so far.

Operation Mend is a privately funded program that works in partnership with the UCLA Medical Center. Ron Katz, a board member at the hospital, started the program in 2006 after seeing a TV programme about Aaron Mankin, a veteran who had gone through dozens of surgeries after a fight in Iraq which completely burned off his face.

Mankin ended up being Operation Mend’s first patient, starting the first of 20 reconstructive facial surgeries at UCLA in Sept. 2007. In a 2011 interview, Katz shared how his experience of helping Mankin made him realize the need to establish a more permanent program. “My wife and I soon realized that there were dozens of Aarons out there,” Katz said. “They deserve the best that we offer them.”

1.Neidorf decided to help veterans because ________.

A. he benefited from Operation Mend                             B. he was afraid of burned faces

C. he thought they deserved help                        D. he didn’t know how to spend money

2.Operation Mend was founded after ________.

A. Neidorf donated part of his birthday money

B. the Neidorfs signed up to be Dahlman’s “buddy family”

C. Ron Katz saw a TV programme about a veteran

D. Mankin was successfully operated on at UCLA

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Neidorf’s mother was opposed to his decision to donate money.

B. Mankin’s face was burned in a fire in America.

C. Mankin went through more than 30 facial surgeries at UCLA.

D. Many facial surgeries are needed to reconstruct a seriously burned face.

4.The last two paragraphs mainly tell us ________.

A. the process of Mankin’s surgery       B. how Operation Mend was set up

C. how Katz became famous            D. veterans are respected by people

 

The basics of infrastructure design

It is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.

These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required. 

Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:

The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (沥青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.

The prior steps — Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.

Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.

Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.

Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways. If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.

 

The basics of infrastructure design
Reason for construction of infrastructure	Infrastructure must1._________ the demands of today’s fast-paced lifestyle.
Challenges of design and 2._________	Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.
Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard 3._________.
Materials must be4._________ to ensure their qualities.
Points to follow	Various engineers meet to make sure about fundamental 5._________ of the road.
Things like 6.__________ trees that are potentially dangerous must be done before construction.
Safety barriers should be carefully7._________ before being placed to prevent accidents.
Material that can 8._________ light should be used to marks on the pavement.
Possible problems and solutions	Smooth and wide highways may 9._________accidents.
Highways should be designed properly and sign boards 10._________ at the required points.