被动语态考查要点 被动语态的构成方式:be + 过去分词.口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示.被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态.强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态. (1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题. ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化.看下列例句. My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to meon my birthday. I was given an interesting book on my birthday. ②主动变被动时.宾补成主补不定式前需加to. The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long ③短语动词变被动语态时.勿要掉“尾巴 . The children were taken good care of . Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. ④情态动词和be going to.be to.be sure to.used to.have to.had better等结构变被动语态.只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词. ⑤当句子的谓语为say.believe.expect.think.know.write.consider.report等时.被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态.动词不定式作主补.(B)用it作形式主语.真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示.如: People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that - (2)不能用被动语态的几种情况. ①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中. ②表示状态的谓语动词.如:last.hold.benefit.contain.equal.fit.join.mean.last.look like.consist to等. ③表示归属的动词.如have.own.belong to等. ④表示“希望.意图 的动词.如:wish.want.hope.like.love.hate等. ⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态.不能用被动语态. ⑥宾语是同源宾语.不定式.动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态. ⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义.特别是当主语是物时.常见的动词有sell.write.wash.open.lock等. (3)主动形式表被动意义. ①当feel.look.smell.taste.sound等后面接形容词时,当cut.read.sell.wear.write等词带状语修饰语时,当动词表示“开始.结束.关.停.转.启动 等意义时. This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗. These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销. My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅. The door won’t lock.门锁不上. The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香. ②当break out.take place.shut off.turn off.work out等动词表示“发生.关闭.制定 等意思时. The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. ③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义. ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义. ⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do 中.不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语.用主动代被动. This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with. 另外:be to blame.be to rent也用主动形式表被动. (4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况. ①be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上. ②be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后. ③be lost迷路 ④be drunk喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. (5)被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作,系表结构表主语的特点或状态.如: The book was sold by a certain bookstore. The book is well sold. 【查看更多】
