“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”
　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you　put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “ Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”  http://wx.jtyjy.com/
　Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
　　“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
　　Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”
【小题1】The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.

A．it enables us to recall something from our memory

B．it slows down the process of losing our memory

C．it helps us understand our memory system better

D．it helps us to get back to where we were

【小题2】One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that________.

A．they rely more on the environment

B．they have a wider range of interests

C．they have an unusual power of focusing their attention

D．they are more interested in what’s happening around them

【小题3】Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder? ________.

A．It will easily get lost

B．It is out of your sight

C．It’s not clear enough for you to read

D．It might get mixed up with other things

【小题4】From the last paragraph we can learn that________.

A．repetition might help improve our memory

B．memory depends to a certain extent on the environment

C．we’d better return to where we were if we forget things

D．we should think about something else while doing one thing

【小题5】The passage is mainly about ________.

A．the memory system of persons

B．a way of encoding and recalling

C．the causes of absent-mindedness

D．the impression of the environment on memory

Experts say it is far easier to prevent a child from being taken than to find missing children. Their advice to parents.?

(1)Tell your child your phone number, including area code, and your full address.

(2)Keep up-to-date photographs of your child on hand.?

(3)Make a mental note of what your child is wearing every day.?

(4)Be sure your child know what to do if you are separated from him or her.?

(5)Keep records of your child as early as possible and keep them up-to-date.

(6)Have a set of your child's fingerprints taken by the police and keep it at home.

(7)Make sure your child's school will phone you if your child is absent.?

For information of what you can do to help solve the missing-children problem at the national level, call 1-800KID-FIND or write: FIND THE CHILDREN!11811W.Olympic Blue. Low Angeles, call 90064.

The writer of this passage may be_______.?

A. an expert who is good at finding missing children?

B. a policeman who is in charge of KID?FIND service in a police station?

C. a teacher who teaches children how to phone their parents?

D. a teenager who was once missing?

This passage is mainly written to warn_______.?

A. schoolboys B. children     C. parents       D. teachers

The best title of this passage may be_______.?

A. How to Find Missing Children?

B. How to Protect Your Children?

C. How to Teach Your Children Phone Number and Full Address?

D. How to Phone the Police When You Are in Trouble

Can you believe his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to look after his sick mother at home?

      A．while       B．that C when   D．as

We live in a digital world now, and a student’s technology needs have changed. For the early years, when you are in primary school, you can get by with no technology at all. Even if you have a computer, it’s a good idea to get children familiar with libraries. At this age, trips to the library are like family outings.
As you get closer to middle school, a computer with Internet access becomes more of a necessity. Teachers will often give assignments that require a student to use the Internet for research. After a computer, technology choices for students become more difficult to make – especially when it comes to cell-phones. Kids will beg their parents for a cell-phone, especially in middle school. For many parents, it’s a safety issue: They want to know that their kids can reach them quickly if necessary. For teachers, cell phones can be used to record lessons when students are absent. But many teachers dislike cell-phones. Some kids send messages or have talks in the class. Sending messages also raises the problem of cheating on exams. More and more schools are now forbidding the use of cell-phones.
Many kids see iPods as necessary things to have. IPods are great for music, but do they do anything good for your children’s education? Maybe they do. That’s the opinion of Doug Johnson, an educator for 30 years. Johnson says that educators should accept all new forms of technology in the classroom, including iPods. “Some do more with their cell- phones than we can do with our laptops,” he jokes. “I don’t think we should be afraid. The truth is that it’s easier to change the way we teach than to change the technology habits of an entire generation.”
【小题1】According to author, primary school children should___.

A．use the computer and the Internet regularly

B．ask their parents to buy them cell-phones

C．buy iPods to listen to music

D．go to libraries to read more books

【小题2】Why do parents agree to buy their children cell-phones?

A．They want their children to be cool.

B．They think cell-phones be helpful to their study.

C．They want to keep in touch with their children.

D．They want their children to keep up to date.

【小题3】The following are all reasons why many teachers dislike cell-phones EXCEPT ____.

A．cell-phones can be used to cheat on exams

B．schoolchildren will send messages during class

C．cell-phones can be used to record lessons

D．schoolchildren might talk on them during class

【小题4】 What does the underlined word “that” refers to?

A．iPods can be used to listen to music.

B．iPods can be helpful for children’s education.

C．iPods can be used to play games.

D．iPods are necessary for children’s lives.

【小题5】We can infer from what Doug Johnson said that _____.

A．cell-phones are not useful to students

B．teachers should let students use cell-phones

C．it’s better for teachers to change their teaching methods

D．schoolchildren should follow the trends(潮流) of fashion

Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent?minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.

     One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her ear?rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,”explains the professor.“People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman's custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures”.

     Twenty percent of all errors were “test failures”— primarily due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out

 of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. A woman victim reported:“I got into the bath with my socks on.”

     The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the

 names of people whose faces they knew,went into a room and forgot why they were

 there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.

     The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second?to?second control of a well?practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.

1.The purpose of Professor Reason's research is  _______.

A.to show the difference between men and women in their reasoning

B.to classify and explain some errors in human actions

C.to find the causes which lead to computer failures

D.to compare computer functions with brain workings

2.Which of the following might be grouped under “programme assembly failures”?

A.A woman went into a shop and forgot what to buy.

B.A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.

C.A lady fell as she was concentrating on each step her feet were taking.

D.An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.

3.The word “verifying” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by _______ .

A.improvingB.changingC.checkingD.stopping

4.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to _______ .

A.the destruction of information collecting system

B.the elimination of one's total memory

C.the temporary loss of part of one's memory

D.the separation of one's action from consciousness