People across China were called on to collect money to help the ________ in Sichuan Earthquake．

1. A.
   victims
2. B.
   farmers
3. C.
   villagers
4. D.
   peoples

People can be addicted to different things – e, g alcohol, drug, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive （强迫的）; they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

　　There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

　　It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

　　Psychologists often use a method called behavior therapy（疗法） to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

1．According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money __    ___.

　　A．and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys

　　B．in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

　　C．and feels he or she is cheated

　　D．just to meet his or her strong psychological need

2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

　　A．People spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.

　　B．Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do.

　　C．Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.

　　D．Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of peoples’ habits to merest sales.

3．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．The habits of compulsive spenders.

　　B．The psychology of money-spending habits.

　　C．A special psychology of bargain hunting.

　　D．The use of the psychology of spending habits in business.

4．From the text we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters ___   __.

　　A．are really reasonable

　　B．are really beyond drugs

　　C．need special treatment

　　D．can never get any help to solve their problems with money

The peoples of the Scandinavian countries share a lot in common for geographical reasons. But there are more of differences than similarities between them in all ways，including their drinking customs.

A superficial① observer might think that no one in Norway drinks wine. Meals eaten in restaurants or at home are usually washed down with tea, coffee or milk. Occasionally however，pale or dark ale② is drunk. It can be ordered only in restaurants, where it is served only with food.

Excellent quality beers are made in Jutland and consumption is high. After beer, brandy is the favorite drink. Aalborg schnapps made from corn and potatoes, is famous for its high alcoholic content. For the Danes, brandy is also an aperitif③ and is often drunk before meals. For a foreigner, the practice of surrounding toasts here can be uncomfortable. If he accepts one toast then he will have to accept all others, and it is difficult to drink six or seven glasses of brandy unless one is used to it. Ladies are fortunately excluded from these rounds and they drink only a grape juice with almost no alcoholic content.

It is milk instead of liquor that is the principal④ Finnish table drink. More milk is drunk by the Finnish people than in any other nation. In Finland the sale of alcohol is a state behavior and a check is kept on consumption by recording purchases on special card issued to all customers.

As there is a difference between Swedish cooking in the south and that in the north because of the difference in soil and climate, their drinking habits are also different. In the north alcoholic beverages⑤ are considered a necessity because they keep out the cold. While in the south people have milder drinks. But generally speaking, too much drinking is rare in Sweden, partly because it is against the law.

Sale of spirits is controlled, the Swedes drink much coffee and tea. Many people still prefer the old-fashioned coffee served in large cups with cakes. Tea is so popular in Sweden that it has been called the Swedish national drink.

Notes:

① superficial  adj.  表面上的

② ale  n.  麦牙酒

③ aperitif  n.  开胃酒

④ principal  adj.  最重要的；主要的

⑤ alcoholic beverage   n.  烈酒

1. The passage mentions the following subjects EXCEPT ______.

  A. drinking habits      B. table manners     C. sales of spirits     D. drinking time

2. According to the passage, which of the following is the Swedish national drink?

  A. Tea.       B. Brandy.       C. Aperitif.      D. Grape juice.

3. Which of the following people like milk more than other drinks?

  A. The German people.              B. The American people.

C. The Finish people.                D. The French people.

4. It can be inferred that if a foreigner isn’t good at drinking brandy, he ______.

  A. would like to invite ladies to have a party

  B. is unwilling to have a surrounding toast

  C. would like to accept others’ toasts

  D. will often drink milk instead of brandy

More people speak English than any other language except Chinese .English is the main language spoken in the United Kingdom，Ireland，Australia，New Zealand，Canada，the United States and some other countries. Altogether more than 450 million people speak English as their everyday language .Another 100 million or more speak at least some English. Most English words come from old Anglo?? Saxon，French，or Latin words.

Modern English developed through the efforts（努力） of literary(文学的)and political writings .Modern English was influenced by old English，the beginning of the university?? educated people，Shakespeare，the common language found in the middle of present??day England and an effort to show and standardize(使标准化)English.

British English，known as Standard English or Oxford English，underwent changes during the colonization(殖民)of North America and the creation（创建）of the United States .British English words changed into American English words，such as centre to center，metre to meter，theatre to theater and so on.

Until the 18th century，British and American English were very similar with almost no difference .Immigration（移民） to America by other English peoples changed the language by 1700.Noah Webster，author of the first authoritative(权威的)American English dictionary，created many changes.

Modern English developed through______.

A．the efforts of literary writings           B．the efforts of political writings

C．old Chinese                         D．both A and B

American English changed from______ during the colonization of North America and the creation of the United States.

A．British English    B．Standard English    C．Oxford English   D．all of the above

British English was almost similar to American English until the______ century.

A．20th           B．19th            C．18th           D．17th

What is the title of the passage?

A．Why more people speak English                      B. What modern English is

C．When British and American English had no difference     D．English and its development