Friendship continues to remain central to our lives. Friends often affect our health and energy. More and more people are increasingly turning towards their friends for support and sharing rather than just communicating with their relatives. We may have a very unclear understanding of what makes a friend but we all want to have a good number of friends around us. There are certain things you do to help you make friends or at least help you get close to people whom you want to make friends with.
The first step to make friends with people is to make them like you. If they don’t like you in the first place, it is unlikely that they’ll be eager to become your friends. To let someone know that you are interested in him, simple gestures like a little smile and calling him by his name can help. To make the other person feel important, you need to be a good listener and to encourage him to talk. Give your honest and sincere opinion, but do not make fun of him.
The second step is to develop trust in each other. You need to share opinions with this person and it is necessary for you to develop a habit of seeing things from his point of view. To become the best of friends, you must show concern and consideration for your friends’ desires and opinions.
The third and final step is to show your support and encouragement towards your friend. Moreover, you also need to be very clear about your expectations from your friend. If what you expect from the person you want to be a friend matches with what that person can and wants to do in friendship, the developing friendship between you and your friend is sure to be easy and successful.
【小题1】What can we learn about friends and friendship?

A．Friendship is not important in our life.

B．Friends have nothing to do with our health and energy.

C．Friends can provide us with support.

D．Relatives can not become friends.

【小题2】Which is the right order of making friends according to the writer?
① When you meet some problems, you ask him for help.
② When he is in trouble, you tell him your ideas.
③ You smile at him to let him know you like him.

A．②①③

B．①②③

C．③①②

D．③②①

【小题3】We can infer from the passage that _____.

A．you can’t call your friend by his name

B．friends should understand each other

C．there should be no secret between friends

D．friends don’t need support and encouragement

【小题4】What is the main purpose of the writer?

A．To tell us about the importance of making friends.

B．To tell us about the advantages and disadvantages of friendship.

C．To introduce the steps for making friends.

D．To tell us that friends are hard to make.

【小题5】What’s the meaning of the underlined word gestures?

A．身势语

B．客人

C．猜测

D．表演

Abraham Lincoln was born into poverty 200 years ago. At any other time and place, this lowly origin would have dictated his future, but in Lincoln’s case, his self-determination and force of will made it possible for him to secure his seat in his country's history. He has become a role model in the self-made America.
If you want to learn about somebody who didn’t quit, look no further. Abraham Lincoln had two business ventures failed, and the second one made him bankrupt, so he had to spend the next 17 years of his life paying for the debt. He also lost 8 different elections. It seemed that he had never done things right at the first time: the first time he ran for state legislature for Congress, for land officer, for Senate, all of these failed, and the first time he sought the vice-presidential nomination, he got less than 100 votes nationally. But he never found it too shameful to carry on his mission. Then later in 1860, on such a rough road, he made it to the White House. He lived up to his famous saying, “Always bear in mind that your own determination to success is more important than any other.”
He could have quit many times-—-but he didn’t and because he didn’t quit，he became one of the greatest presidents in the history of America. One important way Lincoln influences present society is that we look back on his lifeas a role model for future generations. Lincoln’s high character influences us because we compare present-day politicians to the example Lincoln set. A major influence Lincoln has on the united States today is simply through the good example he set when it came to honesty, persistence and leadership.
【小题1】According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is true?

A． Lincoln was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.

B． Like Lincoln, a poor origin leads to a bright future.

C． America is considered self-made because of Lincoln.

D． Self-determination and will contributed to Lincoln’s success.

【小题2】What is Paragraph Two mainly about?

A． How Lincoln made his way to the White House.

B． Lincoln suffered various failures.

C． Lincoln was a man who never quit.

D． Lincoln once lost two business ventures.

【小题3】Which is the correct order of what happened to Lincoln?
a. He was paying off his debt.  b. He failed in the run for land officer,
c. He got less than 100 votes nationally. d. he stuck to his mission, e. He went bankrupt.

A．b-c-c-d-a

B．e-a-b-c-d

C．e-c-a-b-d

D．d-c-a-b-c

【小题4】What’s the function of Lincoln’s famous saying in Paragraph Two?

A． To tell us that determination is the most important to success.

B． To attract readers1 attention.

C． To show why Lincoln was able to carry on in hard times.

D． To summarize Lincoln’s story.

【小题5】Why does the writer consider Lincoln as one of the greatest presidents in America?

A． Because he still influences America as a role model.

B． Because he set a good example to the present politicians.

C． Because of his great personalities.

D． Because he went through diverse difficulties.

October 15th is Global Handwashing Day．Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap．
Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so-called critical moments．These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food．
Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-private Partnership for handwashing with soap．The goal, they say, is to create a culture of handwashing with soap．The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs．They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap．Rub it into all areas, including under the fingernails．Then, wash well under running water．Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth．
The Partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing．Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs．And it usually leaves a pleasant smell, which increases the chances that people will wash again．
It also says that washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine．It could help reduce cases of diarrhea, which is the second leading cause of child deaths, killing more than one and a half million children a year, by almost half．
【小题1】What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?

A．To keep healthy by washing hands．	B．To wash hands with soap．
C．To take action to wash hands．	D．To wash hands often．

【小题2】Which of the following is the right way to wash hands?
a．Washing hands well．        b．Covering hands with soap．   c．Drying hands．
d．Rubbing hands with soap．e．Wetting hands．

A．a--c--b--e--d	B．e--d--a--b—c
C．a--c--b--d--e	D．e--b--d--a--c

【小题3】．Which fact can NOT explain why soap is important?

A．It gives people a longer handwashing time．

B．It helps to remove a lot of germs from hands．

C．It attracts people to do more handwashing．

D．It gets all people into the habit of washing hands．

【小题4】According to the last paragraph, diarrhea is a disease that ________．

A．kills half of the kids in the developing countries a year

B．causes the greatest number of child deaths

C．can be prevented to some degree by washing hands with soap

D．can’t be cured without washing hands

Our sun is a star, and nine worlds move round it. Worlds like these are planets (行星).
But there are other stars, other suns. Not only thousands of them, but millions of them. Do different stars have planets? We can see the planets round our own sun. But we haven’t seen any more. The stars are too far away from us. Stars give out (发出)light, but the planets don’t have any light of their own. So we can’t see them. They’re too far, and too dark.
Still, we can tell that some stars have planets. While a big planet goes round, it pulls its star to one side. And sometimes we can see this, Then we know that the star has a planet.
For example, Barnard’s Star（巴纳德星）is a small red star. And it is the quickest star in the universe. But sometimes it moves slower, and then quicker again. We have know Barnard’s Star for many years, and now we are sure it has a planet.
【小题1】A star is a large body in the universe.it________.

A．moves round our sun	B．has light of its own
C．can also be called a world	D．both B and C

【小题2】Which of the following is not true?

A．The earth is one of sun’s worlds	B．There are millions of suns in the universe.
C．The worlds are very bright.	D．Some stars have planets

【小题3】Barnard’s Star moves more quickly than _______.

A．most stars	B．any other star
C．its planet	D．the planets round the sun

【小题4】How can people know that there is a plante round Barnard’s Star?

A．Sometimes they see that the planet pulls the star to one side and makes it move slower .	B．The planet is shining.
C．The planet is next to our earth.
D．The planet is a red one.

It’s always great to hear news about wildlife returning to where they once lived. For the first time in 8 years the small blue --- British’s smallest butterfly--- has been seen back at a nature reserve in Hertfordshire.
This nature reserve has had a lot of work done recently in order to help butterflies. Management of the land has included bringing in sheep to keep the grass under control in a more natural way and planting wild flowers for butterfly species. The nature reserve is home to a number of butterfly species. In fact the way that this reserve has been managed means that it is probably the best reserve in Hertfordshire to see butterflies with at least 25 species now living in the area.
There are a number of threats to British butterflies and the greatest threat is the loss of their habitat. Changing farming practice has affected British native butterfly species greatly with many more now being at risk. Butterflies are such an excellent species that they can clearly tell the situation of local environment because they are easily influenced by environmental changes, A wide species of butterflies will generally mean a healthy environment.
The type of land management at the nature reserve in Hertfordshire offers a hope for many species of butterfly to live as usual. Butterflies need all the help they can get at the moment. Although the number of butterflies is beginning to increase, many are still at risk.
【小题1】What has the nature reserve done to help butterflies return ?
a. changing the reserve place     b. bringing in sheep
c. planting wild flowers         d. changing farming practice

A．a.b

B．c,d

C．a,d

D．b,c

【小题2】Why did the butterflies fly away eight years ago？

A．The weather is changing	B．The flowers have died out
C．Their habitat has been lost.	D．The environment has changed

【小题3】What can we infer from the passage?

A．The environment has changed healthier a lot than before.

B．All the butterflies have returned to the reserve.

C．There is no threat to the British butterflies.

D．Over 25 species is living in the reserve now.

【小题4】What does the underlined sentence mean?

A．The butterflies changed as the environment changed.

B．Butterflies are very beautiful.

C．Butterflies are sensitive to the environment the live.

D．Butterflies can tell us what is happening.