Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that is one word more than you need.

A．recovery   B．images     C．instant   D．blame   E．shocking

F．accuracy  G．concentrate  H．awarded  I．fined   J．estimate

Think you can walk, rive, take phone calls, email and listen to music at the same time? Well, New York’s new law says you can’t. and you I’ll be  41  $100 if you do it on a New York City street.

The law went into force last year, following recent research and a (n)  42  number of accidents that involved people using electronic devices when crossing the street.

Who’s to  43  ? scientists say that our multitasking（处理多重任务的）abilities are limited.

“We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can ,” says Rene Marois, a scientist in Tennessee. “But a major limitation is the inability to  44  on two things at once.”

The young are often considered the great multitaskers. However, an Oxford University research suggests this idea is open to question. A group of 18-to 21-year-olds and a group of 35-to 39-year-olds were given 90 seconds to translate  45  into numbers, using a simple code. The younger group did 10 percent better when not interrupted. But when both groups were interrupted by a phone cal or a (n)   46  message, the older group matched the younger group in speed and  47  .

It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multitaskers. But it is probably a lot. It is estimated that the cost o interruptions to the American economy is nearly $650 lillion a year.

The   48  is based on surveys with office workers. The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers’ time was spent on interruptions and   49  time before they returned to their main tasks.

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that is one word more than you need.

Think you can walk, rive, take phone calls, email and listen to music at the same time? Well, New York’s new law says you can’t. and you I’ll be  1  $100 if you do it on a New York City street.

The law went into force last year, following recent research and a （n）  2  number of accidents that involved people using electronic devices when crossing the street.

Who’s to  3  ? scientists say that our multitasking（处理多重任务的）abilities are limited.

“We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can ,” says Rene Marois, a scientist in Tennessee. “But a major limitation is the inability to  4  on two things at once.”

The young are often considered the great multitaskers. However, an Oxford University research suggests this idea is open to question. A group of 18-to 21-year-olds and a group of 35-to 39-year-olds were given 90 seconds to translate  5  into numbers, using a simple code. The younger group did 10 percent better when not interrupted. But when both groups were interrupted by a phone cal or a （n）   6  message, the older group matched the younger group in speed and  7  .

It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multitaskers. But it is probably a lot. It is estimated that the cost o interruptions to the American economy is nearly $650 lillion a year.

The   8  is based on surveys with office workers. The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers’ time was spent on interruptions and   9  time before they returned to their main tasks.

Many people believe that teaching children music makes them smarter, better able to learn new things. But the organizers of a new study say there's no scientific evidence that early musical training affects the intelligence of young people.

An estimated 80 percent of American adults think music lessons improve children's abilily to learn or their performance in school. They say that the satisfaction for learning to play a new song helps a child express creativity.

Researchers at Harvard University, however, have found that there's one thing musi­cal training does not do. They say it does not make children more intelligent. Samuel Mehr is a graduate student at Harvard's School of Education. He said it is wrong to think that learning to play a musical instrument improves a child's intellectual development. He says the evidence comes from studies that measured the mental ability of two groups of 4-year-olds and their parents. One group attended music class, the other went to a class that places importance on the visual arts—arts that can be seen.

"The evidence there is 'no'. We found no evidence for any advantage on any of these tests for the kids participating in these music clases," said Mehr.Samuel Mehr says researchers have carried out many studies in an effort to learn whether musical training can make children smarter. He says the results have been mixed. He says only one study seems to show a small percentage increase in IQ, intellectual scores among students after one year of music lessons. He does not believe that IQ is a good measure of child's intelligence. He says researchers in his study compared how well children in the musical training group did on mental processing tasks or projects, then the results were compared to those of children who did not take lessons. There was no evidence that the musical training group did much better on the mental tasks than the other group.

The researchers comfirmed the results with a larger group of children and their par­ents.Mr Mehr says music lessons may not offer children a fast easy way to gain entry to the best schools later of their life. But he says the training is still important for cultural reasons. In his words, "We teach music because music is important for us."

1.According to the new study, musical training______.

A. makes children smarter????????????????????????

B. helps a child express creativity

C. does not make children more intelligent??????????

D. improve children's ability to learn in school

2.Samuel Mehr may agree that______.

A. the children who attended music class are smarter than those who attended arts class

B. IQ is a good measure of a child's intelligence

C. we needn't to teach children music

D. music training is still important for cultural reasons

3.In order to confirm his view, Samuel Mehr______.

A. conducted more than one research

B. interviewed many American adults

C. taught two groups of 4-yetr-olds music and arts

D. offered children a fast way to be admitted to the best schools

4.The artical may be taken from a report about _____.

A. health????????????? B. education????????????? C. ????????????? culture????????????? D.economy

For most of us, dieting is an annoying fact life. With so much information available, it can be difficult to tell which weight-loss strategies really work. Let’s start by taking a look at some confusing myths (荒谬)。

1.All calories are created equal.

What you eat, not how much, is the main factor behind weight gain. In fact, the body burns many more calories digesting carbohydrates than it does digesting fat ,For every 100 calories of carbohydrates we consume in excess (超过)of our daily requirement ,only 75 are turned into body fat .But 97 of every 100 excess fat calories are turned into body fat .

2.Desserts and fast foods are forbidden.

Some experts advise against describing foods as “ good ”and “bad ”.Even cakes ,pies ,and ice cream can be worked into a diet, Moderation is the key. Besides ,a plain hamburger on a bun is still a healthful choice ,So is baked chicken or a green salad with low –cal,dressing. But watch out for French fries, and fried chicken of fish .

3.It makes no difference whether you’re top or bottom –heavy.

In fact ,where weight is distributed makes all the difference. Recent studies suggest that people who store fat on the upper body (apple shape )rather than on hips and thighs (大腿)脚（pear shape ）may have an increased rick of heart disease.There is probably little you can do to change how your body is genetically programmed to store fat ,But you can lost excess weight overall .

4.Fasting is the fastest diet .

Some studies suggest that suddenly reducing calorie intake puts the body into “starvation mode ”,which causes it to conserve calories and decreases the rate of digestion .The more often you deprive yourself of food ,the better your body may get at storing calories ,So ,in the long run ,repeated fasting may actually weaken your weight –loss efforts.

5.To keep weight off ,simply watch what you eat

According to studies ,exercise combined with dieting ensures weight loss better than dieting alone does. Experts also agree that having regular, moderate exercise is more important than occasional exercises. Researchers encourage patients to take the stairs instead of the elevator and park the car far from where you are going and walking.

6.It’s all your fault that you’re fat

Research at the University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine indicates that body shape and size are in large part decided by a person’s genes. In short ,some people are naturally more likely to be fat than other.Moreover, someone who was fat in childhood will have more fat cells than a person of average weight. Once made, the cells may enlarge or shrink (缩小),but they never disappear.

Yet genes don’t have to control your shape ,The size of your fat cells depends on you ---- on your eating habits and lifestyle ,Most important ,before getting caught up in dietary myths ,let good sense shape your eating habits ,Your body will thank you for it .

1.Whci of the following statements is true?

A. All calories are created equal .

B. You can decide whether fat will be stored on your upper body or lower body.

C. While you are on a diet never eat desserts and fast food

D. The size of fat cells is decided by our eating habits and lifestyle

2.Which of the following statements is true about fat cells and genes?

A. Everyone has the same amount of fat cells .

B. The size of fat cells is fixed ,They won’t become bigger or smaller

C. Genes have nothing to do with obesity.

D. Where you store your fat is genetically decided

3.The main reason why the author writes this article is to ___________

A. give new ideas                 B. correct certain misunderstandings

C. encourage the readers to keep fit D. explain the concept of calories ,fat cells ,and genes

4.This article is ____________

A. descriptive       B. creative         C. persuasive       D. educative

Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges struggle for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admission standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.

“All I hear in higher education is, ‘Brand, brand, brand,’” said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lippmann Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”

    Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School.

Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of “naming structures”, “brand architecture” and “identity systems”, the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos, banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School”.

    Changes in names generally show significant changes in how a college wants to be accepted. In changing its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban counties east of San Francisco.

    Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged university and, officials acknowledged, to put an end to jokes about the college’s old name on late-night television and “morning zoo” radio shows.

Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce vital results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student’s test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.

51. Which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?

A. They prefer higher education competition.        B. They try to gain advantage in market share.

C. They want to project their image.                    D. They hope to make some changes.

52. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade is _________.

A. the brand                                                      B. the college name

C. the concept of marketing                                D. list of majors

53. The phrase “come up with” (Line 3, Para. 4) probably means ___________.

A. catch up with             B. deal with           C. put forward                     D. come to the realization

54. The case of name changing from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State，East Bay indicates that the university ___________.

A. is observed by the society                                      B. hopes to expand its influence

C. prefers to inform its teaching programs                   D. expects to enlarge its campus

55. According to the officials, the name change of Beaver College ___________.

A. turned out very successful                                     B. failed to attain its goal

C. got rid of some jokes                                             D. transformed its status