Language is a major problem for the European Union(EU) . The argument or treaty(条约) which created the organization that finally became the EU, the Treaty of Rome, stated that each country’s language must be treated equally. The original six countries had only three languages between them: French, German and Dutch/Flemish. However, there are now 15 countries in the EU, with a total of 12 languages. EU documents（文件）must be translated into all these languages, and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters (口译者).

   All this translating is very expensive and time-consuming（花时间的）. It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are involved in translating documents and speeches and nearly half of the EU’s administrative（管理方面的）costs are spent on this task. In the near future it is probable that several more countries, most of them having their own languages, will join the EU, thus making the situation even worse.

   The problem is just cost; there are practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages, there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed. It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from, for example, Danish into Greek, or Dutch into Portuguese, at a high professional standard.

   As a matter of fact, the problem has been less serious by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials, since almost all of them speak some English. However, any move to reduce the number of official languages (perhaps to four or five) would be a blow to the pride of the smaller countries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However, this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.

1. What’s the main purpose of this passage? _____________.

A. To give a solution to a problem.

B. To find out a problem and show how serious it is.

C. To criticize（批评）the European Union for inefficiency.

D. To show that the problem cannot be solved.

2. According to the writer, the use of English in contacts among EU officials has_________.

A. angered the officials who don’t speak English.

B. reduced the number of official languages.

C. lessened the effect of the problem.

D. been opposed（反对）by powerful member countries.

3.The writer mentions “Danish into Greek” as an example of ______________.

A . a situation that might be difficult to deal with.             B. a situation that occurs often.

C. one of the 12 situations that requires an interpreter.  D. languages easily being interpreted.

4.The writer suggests that if the number of official languages was reduced, _____________.

A. the EU would not know which official languages to choose.

B. countries whose languages were not used officially would be unhappy.

C. only languages which are easy to translate would be used officially.

D. the smaller member countries would be pleased.

Language is a major problem for the European Union(EU) . The argument or treaty(条约) which created the organization that finally became the EU, the Treaty of Rome, stated that each country’s language must be treated equally. The original six countries had only three languages between them: French, German and Dutch/Flemish. However, there are now 15 countries in the EU, with a total of 12 languages. EU documents（文件）must be translated into all these languages, and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters (口译者).

   All this translating is very expensive and time-consuming（花时间的）. It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are involved in translating documents and speeches and nearly half of the EU’s administrative（管理方面的）costs are spent on this task. In the near future it is probable that several more countries, most of them having their own languages, will join the EU, thus making the situation even worse.

   The problem is just cost; there are practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages, there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed. It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from, for example, Danish into Greek, or Dutch into Portuguese, at a high professional standard.

   As a matter of fact, the problem has been less serious by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials, since almost all of them speak some English. However, any move to reduce the number of official languages (perhaps to four or five) would be a blow to the pride of the smaller countries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However, this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.

1. What’s the main purpose of this passage? _____________.

A. To give a solution to a problem.

B. To find out a problem and show how serious it is.

C. To criticize（批评）the European Union for inefficiency.

D. To show that the problem cannot be solved.

2. According to the writer, the use of English in contacts among EU officials has_________.

A. angered the officials who don’t speak English.

B. reduced the number of official languages.

C. lessened the effect of the problem.

D. been opposed（反对）by powerful member countries.

3.The writer mentions “Danish into Greek” as an example of ______________.

A . a situation that might be difficult to deal with.          B. a situation that occurs often.

C. one of the 12 situations that requires an interpreter.  D. languages easily being interpreted.

4.The writer suggests that if the number of official languages was reduced, _____________.

A. the EU would not know which official languages to choose.

B. countries whose languages were not used officially would be unhappy.

C. only languages which are easy to translate would be used officially.

D. the smaller member countries would be pleased.

　　One British school is finding that allowing children to listen to music or even to have the TV on while studying is helping improve grades. __(1)__your teenager starts a family quarrel by sitting in an armchair listening to music while doing his homework, why not __(2)__a simple experiment? __(3)__taking the heavy-handed （严厉的）line of __(4)__him to his bedroom to get on with it __(5)__, let him do the homework the __(6)__he wants. You might well find that his essay is more sparkling（有文采的）than __(7)__he's done before.

　　According to the research of Millfield prep school, around 20% of youngsters __(8)__best with background music. 10% excel（突出）when allowed to __(9)__their work with short walks around the room while up to 80% can concentrate（集中注意力）__(10)__if allowed to fiddle（用手拨弄）with a small object.

　　The research has advised the school to adopt（采取）a complete __(11)__approach（措施）analyzing pupils to discover which learning style __(12)__them best--then letting them do their homework listening to music or __(13)__lying down. __(14)__parents at first regarded the __(15)__as a layabout's deed but many are now applying it at __(16)__where children are also allowed to do their work __(17)__the television on.

　　“I __(18)__to work on the floor with music on low,”admits Susan, 13, a day girl（走读女生）.“At first my parents thought I was skiving（逃避）, but my __(19)__persuaded them to look at my homework and when they saw it was okay, they __(20)__.”

Here are some patients(病人), each of whom wants to see a doctor . Decide which doctor is suitable for the patient mentioned. There is an extra doctor that is not suitable for any of the patients.

1. _____ Patient one. He has a running nose all day. He has a fever and constant cough.

2. _____ Patient two . She sleeps poorly . She has difficulty in sleeping , and is unable to concentrate. She also has nightmares（恶梦）occasionally.

3. _____ Patient three. His tongue is red and sore (痛) all over . His breath smells bad and he has

a bad taste in his mouth .

4. _____ Patient four. His blood pressure is really high. His head aches when he bends over or lies down.

A. Brown , a medical student majoring in oral cavity (口腔), is having his practice in a teaching hospital . Every day he meets quite a few people with a toothache , throat trouble and so on.

B. Tom is a psychologist (心理学家) . He keeps in touch with his mental patients by phone.

C. Wood , an adviser and doctor in a hospital , thinks we should pay more attention to what we eat . It is a problem that many people are becoming fatter and fatter. In his opinion, blood pressure is connected with it and he is trying his best to solve this kind of problem.

D. Mary , a female doctor , is doing research in breast-cancer . A lot of woman , she thinks , are suffering from this kind of disease all over the world . She has made up her mind to help these women.

E. Mr. Smith is a very good physician. He works as a doctor in a hospital and he is an expert at curing common diseases .It is easy and convenient to see Mr. Smith.

       Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands, respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you ) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity (慷慨) that’s never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批评), which often hurts rather than helps.  Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. “Catch people doing something right!” he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risk. (冒险). “The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,” says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. “Sky divers don’t go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes beforehand.”
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail --- and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm.（热情） “When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths,” says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That’s a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself - You will be followed by everyone.
69. The underlined word “cultivated”(paragraph 1）roughly means ______．
A. encouraged     B. compared      C. examined      D. developed
70. The part “Always give credit” tells us that a leader should ______．
A. give helpful criticism   
B. regard others as real heroes
C. praise people for their good performances
D. praise everyone
71. To be a good leader, you should ______．
A. not be afraid of any risks      B. think twice before taking risks
C. try to avoid any possible failures  D. know what a thoughtless exercise is
72. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques
B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders   
D. How to Be a Leader