完型填空

　　People do not analyze every problem they meet．Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 　　1　　 problem．They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people．Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error．　　2　　, when all of these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing．There are six 　　3　　 in analyzing a problem．

　　　　4　　 the person must recognize that there is a problem．For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does．Sam must 　　5　　 that there is a problem with his bicycle．

　　Next the person must find the problem．Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know 　　6　　 it does not work．For example, he must determine the parts that are wrong．

　　Now the person must look for related 　　7　　 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 　　8　　 solutions．For example, suppose Sam decides that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes．　　9　　, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, 　　10　　 his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully．

　　After 　　11　　 the problem, the person should have 　　12　　 suggestions for a possible solution．Take Sam as an example 　　13　　, his suggestions might be：tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones．

　　In the end, one 　　14　　 seems to be the solution to the problem．Sometimes the 　　15　　 idea comes quite 　　16　　 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 　　17　　 way．Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖)stuck to a brake．He 　　18　　 hits on the solution to his problem：he must 　　19　　 the brake．

　　Finally the solution is 　　20　　．Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly．In short he has solved the problem．

阅读理解

　　Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor．Whenever I speak to a Chinese student they always say, “My spoken English is poor．” However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”! I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English．

　　Second, they are afraid of making mistakes．Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous．Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY．Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly．However, in speaking your aim is fluency．You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well sa you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or these, but it doesn't matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances(留出余地，体谅)for any mistakes he hears．

　　The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening．You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing was necessary for you to start speaking．

　　Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners．Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor．If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go．

　　If you do not use your English beyond the classroom you will forget what English you know．Remember：USE IT OR LOSE IT! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more．