For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans.  1.  Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today, Strauss’ invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world.

Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829.     2.   He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847. Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother’s dry goods business. This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention. After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortune.

Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals. Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners. At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth.     3.  When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners. These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more.

In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉). This made the pants last a long time. Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent.    4.  

By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion.

 5.  The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.

A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States.

B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable.

C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since.

D．However, he did not get much business for those products.

E. He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry.

F. Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture.

G. As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it.

 

There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky(威士忌)at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873, she wrote in her diary, “I never saw a lovelier spot ,” And she didn’t even go fishing.
Scotland is not easily defined. In certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold . As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy, near the Inverlochy Castle , any frustration(烦恼) will float away as gently as the circling water. It’s just you and purple, pink, white flowers, seeking a perfect harmony. If you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetime’s fun. For many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art.
Scotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long day’s fishing. Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland, the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotland’s mountains. Ben Nevis is the highest of all British mountains, and reaching its 1343-metre top is a challenge. But it’s not just what goes up matters; what comes down is unique. More than 900 metres high, on the mountain’s north face, lies an all-important source of pure water. Its name comes from the Gaelic language “usquebaugh” or “water of life”; and it is the single most important ingredient(原料) in Scotland’s best known drink: whisky.
【小题1】The story of Queen Victoria is to show that _____.

A．the queen is rich in tour experience

B．the Castle is a good place to go in Scotland

C．tasting whisky is better than going fishing

D．1873 is a special year for the queen

【小题2】How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?

A．By giving descriptions.

B．By following time order.

C．By analyzing causes.

D．By making comparisons.

【小题3】What is Ben Nevis special for?

A．The Inverlochy Castle Hotel .

B．The beauty of its surroundings.

C．The water from the mountain.

D．The challenge up to its top.

【小题4】What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists.

B．To show the attractions of Scotland to readers.

C．To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland.

D．To describe the pleasures of life in Scotland.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For over one hundred and fifty years,Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans.【小题1】  Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today.Strauss’ invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world.
Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829.【小题2】 He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847.?Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853,Strauss worked in his brother’s dry goods business.This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention. After the gold rush of 1949,Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes.
Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals.Instead,he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners.At first,he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth.【小题3】 When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining,he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners.These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more.
In 1873,Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉).This made the pants last a long time.Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea,he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent.    【小题4】  .
By the time Strauss died in 1902,he had made a great contribution to American fashion.
 【小题5】 The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss’ company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.

A．As a young boy,he moved with his family to the United States.

B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable.

C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since.

D．However,he did not get much business for those products.

E.He also made a great contribution to America’s clothing industry.
F.Since they were invented by Levi Strauss,they have ?become? a symbol of American consumer culture.
G.As the business grew,Strauss got much money from it.

[1]A long red bridge stretches out across water. It runs across the Golden Gate. This is not the entrance to some sacred land，but it is just as magical. The Golden Gate is where San Francisco Bay meets the Pacific Ocean, and at night the scene of the bridge lit up over the water takes your breath away.

[2]Welcome to San Francisco, a place famous for its beautiful parks, hilly streets and lovely beaches. But the bridge is undoubtedly the most well-known symbol of the city. Before its completion in 1937, the bridge was considered impossible to build because of the foggy weather ,powerful winds, and strong ocean currents in the city. However, despite the difficult conditions, the bridge was built in no more than four years. Its total length is nearly 2 kilometers.

[3]San Francisco ranks first on Lonely Planet’S list of best cities to visit in 2013. According to the world’s largest travel publisher, it came top as a result of its cultural mix.

[4]According to the US 2010 census (人口普查）, 21 percent of the city’s population is made up of Chinese people. San Francisco’s Chinatown is the largest outside of Asia and the oldest in North America. Two traditional festivals, the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are the biggest events of the year on the city’s calendar.

[5]If yellow cabs are a key part of New York city life, then the cable car is San Francisco’s equivalent. The first cable car came into public service in 1873, and the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of the city ever since. The cable car network was once damaged by a serious earthquake but, luckily, it has now recovered and provides better views than the subway.

1.What makes the Golden Gate Bridge so famous? (No more than 10 words)

                                                                      

2.Why does the author mention the Golden Gate bridge at the beginning?

(No more than 8 words)

                                                                      

3.What made San Francisco rank first on Lonely Planet’s list of cities to visit in 2013?

   (No more than 3 words)

                                                                       

4.Why is the slow and noisy cable car preferred in San Francisco? (No more than 12 words)

                                                                           

5.What does the writer want to tell us? (No more than 8 words)

                                                                          

 

It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland’s oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women’s Day.
The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案) by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus (校评议委员会) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn’t know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university’s higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote.”
In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.
Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.
【小题1】Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted _______.

A．to carry out a research project there

B．to set up a medical institute there

C．to study medicine there

D．to deliver lectures there

【小题2】Lis Smith found Sophia’s letter to St Andrews University _______.

A．by pure chance

B．in the school office

C．with her supporters’ help

D．while reading history books

【小题3】Sophia’s letter resulted in the establishment of _______.

A．the London School of Medicine for Women

B．a degree programme for women

C．a system of medical education

D．the University of Berne

【小题4】When did St Andrews University begin to take full-time women students?

A．In 1873.

B．In 1874.

C．In 1877.

D．In 1892.