阅读理解

　　Students who say they never or hardly ever use dictionaries often speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes．

　　The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either．The ones who look up every new word do not read fast．So they do not have time to read much．Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems．Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations(翻译)of English．But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English．

　　The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often．When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context．Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand．They use dictionaries more for writing．If they are not sure how to spell a word, or divide it into syllables(音节), they always use a dictionary．Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check these in a dictionary．

阅读理解

　　Practise speaking as often as you can．Speaking to yourself is good practice．

　　Compare your pronunciation with the master version(原版)to see how you can do better and have another go．If you do this several times, you will find that each time is better than last．

　　It helps if you can learn with someone else．If you can persuade a friend or family member to study with you, it will make you keep working．

　　Practise improving ways of getting your meaning across when speaking spontaneously(本能地)，even if you don't know the exact words or phrases．Think of things you might want to say whenever you have spare time．Use facial expressions, hand movements, anything to make yourself understood．

　　Guesswork is an important way to learn a new language．When listening to recorded material, you aren't expected to understand everything first time round．If you play the same piece several times, you will most probably understand something new each time．

　　A wide vocabulary is the key to successful language learning but don't try to learn too much at once．It's best to study frequently, for short periods of time．Take at most six or seven items of vocabulary and learn them．Put them into sentences to fix them in your mind, and then come back to them later．

阅读理解

　　Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking immediately．Even the busiest government official always takes extra time to be polite and offers refreshments．No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this．

　　The conference visit is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world．Frequently you will have to discuss in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business．

　　Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room unannounced,whisper,or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave．Act as though you do not hear,and never show displeasure at being interrupted．

　　When an Arab says yes,he may mean“maybe”．When he says maybe,he probably means “no”．You will seldom get a direct “no”from an Arab because it is considered impolite．Instead of “no”,he will say “Inshallah”,which means “if God is willing”．On the other hand,a smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement,but in fact,your host is being polite．An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest．