Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. Factors that influence reactions to pollutants

B. Possible sources of indoor air pollution

C. Ways to identify diseases with similar symptoms

D. Long-term effects after repeated exposure                            

E. A commonly-ignored health threat

F. Immediate symptoms and regular treatment

1.Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health, but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects. Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 2-5 times, and occasionally more than 100 times, higher than outdoor levels. These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90％ of their time indoors.

2.There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home. These include combustion sources such as oil, gas, coal, wood, and tobacco products; building materials and furnishings as diverse as deteriorated asbestos-containing insulation, wet or damp carpet, and cabinetry or furniture made of certain pressed wood products; products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or hobbies; central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices; and outdoor sources such as radon, pesticides, and outdoor air pollution.

3.Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures. These include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Such immediate effects are usually short-term and treatable. Sometimes the treatment is simply eliminating the person's exposure to the source of the pollution, if it can be identified. Symptoms of some diseases, including asthma, hypersensitivity and fever, may also show up soon after exposure to some indoor air pollutants.

4.The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors. Age and pre-existing medical conditions are two important influences. In other cases, whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity, which varies tremendously from person to person. Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures, and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.

5.Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral diseases, so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to the time and place the symptoms occur. If the symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from the home and return when the person returns, an effort should be made to identify indoor air sources that may be possible causes. 

 

根据短文内容，选择能填入空白出的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余，将答案写在答卷纸上（共五小题10分）

1   Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the case．    The ridge （隆起） structure on a person's fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries．Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one, which bears a reproduction of the original pattern．

2_____   Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take．     Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer's ink．They can be recorded easily．

3_____  Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case．A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain．

4_______When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye．

5_____ Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained．      

A．Special techniques are used to "develop" them． 

B．A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all part of he finger．    

C．It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement   will be destroyed． 

D．With special methods, identification can be achieved successfully within a short time．

E．A latent print is the chance reproduction of the friction ridges deposited on the surface of an item．

F．His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident．

G．Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his   fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable

The oldest and hardest cow beef may be made as tender and tasty as young and choice met. ”This declaration was made by the French physicist Denis Papin in book published in 1681, which described his “New Digester” or pressure cooker.  It was a cast iron pot with an air-tight lid, which allowed liquids to boil at a higher temperature than usual, and so it cooked food in a quarter of the time.  The food was cooked by pressurized steam being forced through it at about 121℃.  All pressure cookers were made of cast iron until 1905,  when the first aluminum model was made in America. In 1938, Alfred Vischer, a man from Chicago, U. S. A., designed a simple interlocking pan and lid, and an improved pressure-tight seal（密封）—a replaceable rubber sealing ring. When Vischer’s patent（专利）expired in 1954,  many companies entered the field,  and the rapid pressure cooker became popular with people with people who had little time to cook or had to supply food for unexpected guests.

1.From the passage we can learn pressure cooker made of cast iron lasted at least ____years.

A．300

B．200

C．90

D．60

2.Which of the following shows the correct order?

a.        Denis Papin called his invention “New Digester”.  

b.        It began to be widely used by common families.

c.        Instead of cast iron,  it was first made of aluminum. 

d.        The first pressure cooker was invented in France.

e.        Alfred Vischer greatly improved its design.           

f.         Vischer’s patent came to an end.

g.  Many other companies began to produce it.

A．d, a, e, c, g, f, b	B．a, d, c, b, e, f, g
C．d, a, c, e, f, g, b	D．g, e, a, e, d, f, b

3.In the writer’s opinion, the best advantage of a pressure cooker is that_______.

A．the oldest and hardest cow beef can be made tender and tasty

B．it allows liquids to boil at a higher temperature than usual

C．it can help people to supply food for unexpected guests

D．it helps people to spend much less time in cooking

4.The best title of this passage may possibly be _______.

A．New Digester

B．Pressure Cooker

C．Favorite Cook

D．The History of Cooker

 

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

A.　Goods for auction (拍卖) sales

　　B.　Definition of bidding

　　C.　Way to sell more goods by auction

　　D.　Auction sales in history

　　E.　Brief introduction to auctions

　　F.　Making a larger profit as an auctioneer

1.______

Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands.

2. ______

The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increasing”. The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.

3. ______

Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art.

4. ______

An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in the order of numbers: he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in.

5. ______

The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other.

 

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A.  Forecasting Research B.  Well-known Weather Forecasters C.  Severe Weather Events D.  Weather Forecasting E.  The Forecasting Process F.  Historical Background

【小题1】
The task of predicting the weather that will be observed at a future time is called weather forecasting.  As one of the primary objectives of the science of meteorology, weather forecasting has depended critically on the scientific and technological advances in meteorology that have taken place since the latter half of the 19^th century.
【小题2】
Throughout most of history, forecasting efforts at any given site depended solely on observations that could be made at the site.  With the development of the telegraph in the mid-1800s, weather forecasters were able to obtain observations from many distant locations within a few hours of the collection of such data.  Weather forecasting was revolutionized in the 1920s by the work of a group of Norwegian scientists.  This group provided a consistent and empirically based description of atmospheric circulation systems.  Current weather-forecasting techniques were initiated by the theoretical work of American meteorologist Jule Charney in developing numerical weather prediction.  Experimental numerical forecasts in 1950 proved so fruitful that they were soon adopted on a practical basis.  Since then, computerized systems based on numerical models have become a central part of weather forecasting.
【小题3】
The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps: observation and analysis, extrapolation to find the future state of the atmosphere, and prediction of particular variables.  The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving.  In some cases the third step simply consists of noting the results of extrapolation, but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this. 
【小题4】
Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events (blizzard, hurricane and typhoon, tornado), and so forth.  Accordingly, the National Weather Service (NWS) commits significant resources to the forecast of such events.  Blizzards or strong extra-tropical cycles are handled through the usual forecast information channels, with the local NWS office issuing special advisories as appropriate.
【小题5】
A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes.  These include the Next-Generation Radar digital weather radar, which is intended to detect motions towards or away from the radar installation.  In addition, automated systems are being developed for taking observations at surface stations and on board buoys, ships, and aircraft.  The communications, processing, and display systems intended to govern this torrent of further data are still being elaborated.