阅读理解

　　The dark, narrow streets of London were dangerous places for a lad to wander during the ruling of Charles Ⅱ (1660-1685). Bands of hoodlums(强盗), in the pay of some ships' captains, were found everywhere. Their job was to seize as many boys as they could find and carry them off to waiting ships in the harbor. Many a pale city lad would wake up from a drugged sleep, or a blow on the head, to find himself on the high seas, bound for the New World. There he might become a farmhand, an apprentice, or perhaps a household servant.

　　Thousands of unsuspecting youths were kidnapped who were never to return to the land of their birth. The traffic in young boys became, in time, a great public scandal, and this is the way it had come about.

　　America desperately needed colonists. At first, many people had come willingly, lured by tales of quick wealth and unlimited opportunity. But once they arrived, they found it to be a far rougher place than they had imagined. It was true that, there was opportunity, but hard work was needed to make it pay off. Many of the new colonists, hoping for easy fortuned, were not used to the difficulties of hard manual labour.

　　Nor could they manage the large farms by themselves. They needed help of every sort: for planting, for harvesting, for building their houses, etc. Some few skilled workers had come and set up shops--blacksmiths, carpenters, wheelwrights(修造轮子的工匠) and such--but they, too, were in need of help. Without apprentices and laborers, they could not possibly do all the work that the colonists required.

　　British shipowners offered free transportation to all those who would come, in return for an agreement to work for seven years without wages. Thousands of immigrants accepted the offer. After seven years of service they were farmers in their own right--and needed help. So there was an increasing need for workers. When the captains could not get colonists any other way, they hired hoodlums to seize any young boys they could lay hands on.

　　Over 100000 youngsters were taken to America in this way. Kidnapping became such an open scandal that in 1682 the London Council passed a law forbidding any person under fourteen to be bound into service without the knowledge and consent of his parents.

1．What shocked the London citizens in the late 17th century?

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A．The British shipowners needed hands in their business.

B．Bands of hoodlums wandered in the dark streets of London.

C．Many young boys turned to drugs and violence.

D．Many young boys were captured and shipped to America.

2．According to the passage, many British people were willing to settle in America because _____.

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A．they were poor and desperate

B．they thought they could find jobs easily and soon make a fortune

C．they were desperately tired of the bad conditions in London

D．they learned that skilled workers were badly needed there

3．According to the passage, the colonists were in need of hands for the following reasons except that _____.

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A．many rail tracks had to be built

B．there was a lot of work on the farms

C．many houses had to be built

D．there was a lot of work in various kinds of shops

4．Why did thousands of immigrants sign the agreement to work for seven years without pay?

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A．Because they had no money to pay for their voyage to the New World.

B．Because they could become farmers in their own right after their seven-year work.

C．Because they had no land of their own when they just arrived in America.

D．Because they were kidnapped and forced to sign it.

5．We can infer from the passage that the British government passed a law in 1682 because _____.

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A．the shipowners had seized a great fortune of the country apart from the young boys

B．it intended to stop the employment of the young workers under the age of fourteen

C．the public strongly condemned the kidnapping of young boys

D．it did not want to lose a lot of its young residents

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　Adam Smith, writer in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labour and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.

　　“One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation; to polish the pins is another. It is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”

　　Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day of about 4,800 pins a person. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labour, they certainly could not, each of them, have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.

　　There can be no doubt that division of labour, provided that it is not taken too far, is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labour adds nothing new. It only enables people to produce more of what they already have.

1．According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ________.

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A．take advantage of the division of labour

B．introduce the division of labour into England

C．understand the effects of the division of labour

D．explain the causes of the division of labour

2．Adam Smith saw that the division of labour________.

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A．enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply

B．increased the possible output per worker

C．increased the number of people employed in factories

D．improved the quality of pins pronduced

3．Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to ________.

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A．show the advantages of the division of labour

B．show the advantages of the old craft system

C．emphasize how powerful the individual worker was

D．emphasize the importance of increased production

4．According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believing that division of labour ________.

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A．was an efficient way of organizing work

B．was an important development in methods of production

C．inevitably(不可避免地) led to economic development

D．increased the production of existing goods

5．“Provided that it is not taken too far”(in the first sentence of the last paragraph) means ________.

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A．if work is done near the factory

B．if the factory is not too big

C．if it is not led to extremity

D．if workers don't have to go a long way

In China, the majority of men earn their living by manual ______.

A. labour　　　 B. task　　　 C. job　　　 D. work

从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项

labour 　　　

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A． disability　　　B． matter

C． disabled　　　D． platform

No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.

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