拓展与应用

　　A look at the presidency

　　The President of the United States has one of the toughest jobs in the world. Hardly anyone else is watched so closely by so many people. Reporters follow the President relentlessly, eager for his opinion on everything from nuclear warheads to the outcome of the Super Bowl. The President must be careful at all times that his answers to reporters' questions reflect his policies. In addition, wherever the President may go, he never for a moment escapes the responsibilities of his office. The evening news may show him on a working vacation, but the word is always with him.

　　Then why have so many people wanted to be President? One reason may be that the Presidency is also one of the most powerful jobs in the world. As President John F. Kennedy said, “All the needs and aspirations of all parts of the country, all departments of government, all nations of the world” are focused on him.

　　Who Can Be President?

　　The job seems to demand a person of outstanding ability, so you might think the U.S. Constitution would contain a long list of job qualifications. However, it lists only three. Article Ⅱ, Section 1 of the Constitution states that the President must

　　1．be a natural-born citizen of the United States;

　　2．be at least 35 years old;

　　3．have been a resident of the United States for 14 years.

　　Though the qualifications for Vice President are not stated in the constitution, they are the same as the qualifications for President, since the Vice President might have to replace the President.

　　While the Constitution lists only three qualifications for the Presidency, the voters certainly consider many others. Among these are intelligence, good health, experience in government, ability to lead others, knowledge of national and world affairs, personality, ability to speak well, and persuasiveness.

Question for discussion：

According to the Constitution, the President can be either a man or a woman. So far, however, no woman has become President. What reasons can you give to explain this? Do you think a woman will be President in the future? Why or why not?

What do we think with? Only the brain? Hardly．The brain is like a telephone exchange．It is

the switchboard，but not the whole system．Its function is to receive incoming signals，making proper connections and send messages through to their destination．For efficient service，the body must function as a whole．But where is the“mind”?Is it in the brain? Or perhaps in the nervous system? After a11, can we say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not like a thing；like a leg，or even the brain．It is a function，an activity．Aristotle，2，300 years ago，observed that the mind was to the body what cutting was to the axe．

When the axe is not in use，there is no cutting．So with the mind．“Mind”，said Charles H．Woolbert，“is what the body is doing”．If this activity is necessary for thinking，it is also necessary for carrying thought from one person to another．If you have never done this with great efforts，you have a surprise in store，for good conversationalists are almost constantly in motion．Their heads are continuously nodding and shaking sometimes so energetically（精神旺盛地）that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain（过度劳累）．Even the legs and feet are active, As for the hands and arms．they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time．These people，remember，are not making speeches．They are only common people trying to make others understand what they have in mind．They are not conscious of movement．Their speech is not studied．They are just human creatures in a human environment，trying to adapt themselves to a social situation．Yet they converse，not only with oral language，but with visible actions that involve practically every muscle in the body．In short，because people really think all over，a speaker must talk all over if he succeeds in making people think．

1．The best tide for the passage is probably               ．

      A．Body Communication                         B．Written Language

      C．Spoken Language                               D．Conversations

2．The statement which the author agrees with would be that         ．

      A．thinking is a social activity

      B．thinking is only a brain function

      C．thinking is a function of the nervous system

      D．thinking is the total sum of body activity

3．It can be inferred from tile passage that the basic function of bodily activity in speech is to

                     ．

    A．make the listener have strong feeling

    B．make tile speaker understood

    C．attract the listeners’ attention

    D．convey the speaker’s implied meaning to the listeners

4．Which of the following is true?

      A．The brain is compared to a telephone exchange．

      B．The mind is an activity of the nervous system．

      C．Some people remain still while talking to others．

      D．Many people move their bodies on purpose while talking．

For a long time, being happy was considered something that just happened, and there was nothing special about it. Now we know it is something that we can work at.

You are happy if you get along well with others. To make people like you better, you should be unselfish, not wanting everything from your friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people. It is surprising how successful this can be.

You don’t have to be spineless (没有骨气的) in order to be popular. In fact, you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. It is one way to develop a good character if you are friendly and polite to your group, to other people and to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you.

    Second, you must learn not to be unhappy when you make mistakes. You can not expect to be perfect, and everyone makes mistakes. No one is to be blamed (责备) unless he refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged when they know in themselves qualities that they do not like — selfishness, laziness, and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.

    At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why, and look at yourself, too, to be sure that you are not doing anything to make that person dislike you. Some day, things may turn out all right and then you will have to learn to get along the best with the situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’t change.

Which of the following is suggested in the passage?

   A. Draw attention of our friends.

   B. Ask for the best share of everything.

   C. Look for faults that are shared among people.

   D. Pay more attention to other people’s strong points.

According to the passage, if we want to be popular, we should ______.

   A. be polite and friendly

   B. give up some rights

   C. never argue with other people

   D. be ready to change our character

One should be blamed if he or she ______.

   A. is not better than others

   B. is selfish and lazy

   C. does not draw a lesson from his or her mistakes

   D. has some unpleasant qualities

The writer will possibly agree with the following EXCEPT that ______.

   A. no one is perfect

   B. every person has their own advantages over others

   C. getting worried helps to change the situation for the better

   D. self-examination is necessary if something is wrong

The author writes the passage in order to ______.

   A. teach you how to make yourself perfect

   B. show you how to be happy

   C. tell you how to act when in trouble

   D. teach you how to be popular among your friends

.

For a long time, being happy was considered something that just happened, and there was nothing special about it. Now we know it is something that we can work at.

You are happy if you get along well with others. To make people like you better, you should be unselfish, not wanting everything from your friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people. It is surprising how successful this can be.

You don’t have to be spineless (没有骨气的) in order to be popular. In fact, you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. It is one way to develop a good character if you are friendly and polite to your group, to other people and to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you.

    Second, you must learn not to be unhappy when you make mistakes. You can not expect to be perfect, and everyone makes mistakes. No one is to be blamed (责备) unless he refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged when they know in themselves qualities that they do not like — selfishness, laziness, and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.

    At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why, and look at yourself, too, to be sure that you are not doing anything to make that person dislike you. Some day, things may turn out all right and then you will have to learn to get along the best with the situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’t change.

67. Which of the following is suggested in the passage?

   A. Draw attention of our friends.

   B. Ask for the best share of everything.

   C. Look for faults that are shared among people.

   D. Pay more attention to other people’s strong points.

68. According to the passage, if we want to be popular, we should ______.

   A. be polite and friendly

   B. give up some rights

   C. never argue with other people

   D. be ready to change our character

69. One should be blamed if he or she ______.

   A. is not better than others

   B. is selfish and lazy

   C. does not draw a lesson from his or her mistakes

   D. has some unpleasant qualities

70. The writer will possibly agree with the following EXCEPT that ______.

   A. no one is perfect

   B. every person has their own advantages over others

   C. getting worried helps to change the situation for the better

   D. self-examination is necessary if something is wrong

71. The author writes the passage in order to ______.

   A. teach you how to make yourself perfect

   B. show you how to be happy

   C. tell you how to act when in trouble

   D. teach you how to be popular among your friends

阅读理解

　　For a long time being happy was considered something that just happened, and there was nothing special to do about it. Now we know that getting along with ourselves and with other people is something that we could work at. It is possible to act in such a way that other people would like us better. One way is being unselfish, not wanting everything our own way or demanding the best share of everything, including the attention of our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bed ones in other people; it is surprising how successful this treasure hunt will be.

　　You don't have to be spineless(懦弱) in order to be popular. In fact, you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. Being friendly and polite to your own group, to older people, to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one way to develop a good character.

　　You cannot expect to be perfect, and so you must learn rat to be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed unless she refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged when they recognize in themselves qualities that they do not like— selfishness, laziness and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.

　　At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, chances are you are rat much better, either. The surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.

　　When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you don't like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why, and look at yourself, too, to be sure that you are not doing something to make the person dislike you. In time, things may turn out all right, then you will simply have to learn to get along the best you can with the situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can't change.

1．One of the two ways the author suggested for us to get along well with others is ________.

[　　]

A．to draw the attention of our friends

B．to pay more attention to other people's good points

C．to look for treasure in order to be successful

D．to demand the best share of everything

2．According to the passage, if one wants to be popular one needs to ________.

[　　]

A．be polite and friendly

B．give up some rights

C．avoid arguing with other people

D．be ready to change his or her character

3．The passage shows that there is no perfect person but someone should be blamed if he ________________.

[　　]

A．makes a big mistake

B．is very unhappy about his unpleasant character

C．is selfish and lazy

D．does not draw a lesson from his own fault

4．The passage implies(暗示) that in order to be a happy person, one should consider oneself ________.

[　　]

A．no better than others

B．as having better chances than others

C．as having something better than others

D．not the same as others

5．The purpose for the writer to write the passage is to ________.

[　　]

A．train you to be perfect

B．teach you how to be popular among your friends

C．tell you how to act when you dislike a person

D．show you the way to be happy