题目列表(包括答案和解析)
Treatment for HIV has become more widespread, especially in poorer countries. It's also become cheaper, as medicine companies have lowered their prices for life-saving anti-retroviral drugs(抗逆转录病毒药物). But these drugs are still expensive and many countries are looking to create the biggest impact with limited resources. That's where World Health Organization guidelines come in, says Rochelle Walensky, a disease researcher from Harvard.
Walensky and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective disease interventions(干预), as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier anti-retroviral therapy (疗法)improved five-year survival dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective doesn't always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries. Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they can afford.
People in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs phased out(逐步淘汰). However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals—those medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. "Second-line therapy have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going to fail first-line therapy and they're going second-line therapy and then, eventually, they're going to need third-line therapy, some of them."
According to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says, countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as possible
Her paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine.
【小题1】 Which is the best title for the passage?
A.HIV Has Spread in Poorer Countries |
B.Rochelle Walensky’s Life |
C.International Pressure to Drug Makers |
D.Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives |
A.Anti-retroviral drugs have become cheap now. |
B.The cost-effective treatment may be a heavy expense. |
C.Cheap anti-AIDS drugs have been phased out . |
D.First-line therapy deals with the most severe disease. |
A.using computer programs and collecting data from clinics |
B.giving medicine to newly diagnosed patients with AIDS |
C.urging countries to focus on treating more patients earlier |
D.publishing her paper in the online journal PLoS Medicine |
A.assessment | B.comment | C.introduction | D.background |
Students at the Hogook Middle School in South Korea have a unique assignment:going online to message boards and write positive,cheerful comments.Teachers and other adults hope those comments will discourage others from leaving vicious(恶意的)and negative remarks.This is one of the activities in a nationwide program called the Sunfull Movement.
Online attacks are an increasing problem in South Korea,one of the world’s most connected nations.The National Police Agency receives tens of thousands of complaints every year.but there is not much that can be done to stop it,since attackers seldom use their real names.In the worst.cases,authorities say cyber—bullies(网络攻击have pressured some people to take their own lives.That is why the Sunfull Movement’s founder, Min Byoung'chul, a professor at Kunkuk University,began the program three years ago.
Min says research indicates ninny of the attackers are under the age of 30.“Young kids,they’re stressed out because of schoolwork.The.y have to prepare for their college entrance examinations and they just write whatever they feel.That’s one of the ways to blow off their discontent and stress.”explained Min.
Student Kim Hee-joo,15, says she writes thank—you messages to friends,family and teachers on her School’ s homepage.And when she sees people making bad comments about famous people,she leaves nice messages,because when people see positive comments they are more likely to stop saying bad things and change their attitude.
Teacher Kim Eun—young says Koreans do not really say “Thank you”or“J love you” to friends or parents. But being not face一to一face, they feel more comfortable saying those kinds of things.She also says violence at the school,both online and offline,has decreased and students and teachers get along much better now.
61.What’s the aim of the Sunfull Movement?
A.To teach students how to make comments on the Internet·
B.To serve as a model for other nations by gaining experience.
C.To offer students suggestions on letting off their discontent and stress·
D.To stop cyber—bullying and create a positive atmosphere on the Internet·
62.Online attackers are mostly young people because———————·
A.they hate the internet society B.they want to be famous
C.they are facing too much pressure D.they aye full of energy
63.Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.Network management in South Korea is bad.
B.Online attacks sometimes can make people kill themselves.
C.Police Agency’S work efficiency is low in South Korea.
D.Professor Min thinks cyber—bullies can be forgiven. ’
64.It can be inferred from the 1ast paragraph that——·
A.People in South Korea tends to express themselves frankly
B.Koreans、sometimes aye not polite to their friends or parents
C.Students and teachers don't get along well in Korean schools
D.Changes have taken place since the school began the program
65.The best title of this passage probably is _______________.
A.Battle Cyber—Bullying with Positive Comments
B.Keep Away from Negative Remarks Online
C.Students in South Korea Face Much Pressure
D.A Remarkable Concern in South Korea
Talking on a mobile phone is expensive, so a lot of people send text messages. Text messages are much cheaper than talking on a mobile phone, and you can make it cheaper by making the words shorter. You can do this by taking out “unimportant” letters in the words and using numbers instead of words (2 =" to," 3 =" free," 4 =" for," 8 =" ate," so h8 =" hate," etc.). You can also keep away from using punctuation (标点). Here is an example: Do U wnt 2 g 2 th cnma tnite (Do you want to go to the cinema tonight?)
What do you think these text messages mean?
Whr hv U bn? Iv bn wtng hrs fr a cll.
Im hm nw, why nt gv me a cll.
I gt a txt mssge frm my frnd. Shes hvng a prty on Strdy.
Mobile phone users have developed a group of symbols (符号) to show how they feel. They are called emoticons, and there are some examples below. To read an emoticon, you have to look at it sideways. For example, if you say something in a text message that is a joke, you can follow it with a smiling face. Like this: Why didt u call me? I’m so sad. (
Here are some others. Can you think of text messages where you could use them?
) laughing ( sad < really sad
Ⅴ shouting |·| asleep :0 shocked
8·| surprised \·o bored
【小题1】Why are text messages popular?
A.Because they are expensive. | B.Because they are cheap. |
C.Because they are hard to write. | D.Because they are not important. |
A.one | B.two | C.three | D.four |
A.Do you want to come | B.Do you wear two caps |
C.Do you want two cakes | D.Do you go home early |
A.Because they can show how users feel. | B.Because the symbols are beautiful. |
C.Because text messages are short. | D.Because the users can’t make the words shorter. |
Below is some advice on how to prevent colds and flu.
8 Ways to Avoid Colds and Flu 1. Wash your hands and wash them often The US Naval Health Research Center conducted a study of 40,000 volunteers who were ordered to wash their hands five times a day. The volunteers cut their incidence of flu by 45 percent. 2. Wash your hands twice every time you wash them Researchers at Columbia University found one hand washing had little effect, even when using antibacterial soap. So wash twice if you’re serious about preventing colds. 3. Change your toothbrush every three months You think your toothbrush gets your teeth clean — and it does. But once you’ve finished brushing, it can be a breeding ground for germs. Most dentists recommend you change your brush every two or three months. It’s also a good idea to replace it after you’ve had a cold or flu. 4. Sneeze and cough into your arm or tissue (纸巾) Whoever taught us to cover our mouths when we cough or sneeze got it wrong. That just puts the germs right on our hands, where you can spread them to objects — and other people. Instead, put your arm over your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough if a tissue isn’t handy. It’s pretty rare that you shake someone’s arm, after all. 5. Stop blaming yourself when things go wrong Believe it or not, blaming yourself makes you more likely to catch a cold! Researchers found that even those who had control over their work were more likely to begin sneezing if they lacked confidence or tended to blame themselves when things went wrong. Such attitudes make people more stressed on the job, and stress, as you know, can challenge your immune system. 6. Once a day, sit in a quiet, dim room, close your eyes, and focus on one word Meditate (冥想). It is a proven way to reduce stress. Studies have shown that stress weakens your immune system. In fact, people with high stress levels have up to twice the number of colds as non-stressed people. 7. Get moving Ride a bike, join a dance class, or go for a walk. A study found that older women who did 45 minutes of gentle exercise, five times a week for a year, were up to three times less likely to get a cold than women who took little exercise. The researchers found that the exercisers’ immune system was strongest in the last three months of the study. 8. Leave the windows in your house open a crack You don’t have to keep all of them open, but one or two in the rooms in which you spend the most time. This is particularly important if you live in a newer home, where fresh circulating air has been the victim of energy efficiency. A bit of fresh air will do wonders for chasing out germs. |
A.twice every hour | B.twice every time |
C.five times every hour | D.five times every time |
A.put your hands over your mouth |
B.avoid shaking hands with other people |
C.cover your mouth with your arm or a tissue |
D.keep away from other people |
A.your stress level is high |
B.your room is not bright |
C.you have control over your work |
D.you do not exercise for 45 minutes every day |
A.leave all the windows open a crack |
B.leave only one or two windows open to save energy |
C.keep one or two windows open in the rooms where you spend the most time |
D.keep all the doors and windows open to let in more fresh air when you are at home |
That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater. With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.
As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away any possible robbers(抢劫犯). Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets.
About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk.
Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found.
Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck(垃圾车) pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you’re looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.
It was nearly 3 a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other.
【小题1】How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work?
A.Cold and sick | B.Lucky and hopeful |
C.Satisfied and cheerful | D.Disappointed and helpless |
A.lost her wallet unknowingly |
B.was stopped by a garbage truck driver |
C.was robbed of her wallet by a man with a knife |
D.found some homeless people following her |
A.would stop working at night | B.would stay on in San Francisco |
C.would make friends with cleaners. | D.would give up her job at the bank |
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