Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.

    The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu(流感), and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That's because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.

    The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses - flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness , but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities , there are some obvious signs to look for.

    Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.

    The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.

Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(综合症) ，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.

There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.

According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________.

　A) shorten the duration of the illness

　B) the patient buy medicine over the counter

　C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs

　D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu

We learn from the passage that ___________.

 A) one doesn't need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu

B) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu

C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system

D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu

According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ___________.

A) one should identify the virus which causes it

B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible

C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease

D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading

Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?

A)A stuffy nose. 　　                     B) A high temperature.

C)A sore throat.　　                       D) A dry cough.

If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents _______________.

A) are advised not to give them aspirin

B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome

C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination

D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever

Your cold is worse, Ann. Go back to bed and I _______ the school to tell them you can’t come.

A. have rung　　　　　　　　 B. ring　　　　　　　　　 C. will ring　　　　　　　　　 D. rang

Alomada Racraotion and Fork Deportment (510)747-7529

2010 TEEN TRIP TO

THE LELAND HIGH SNOW PLAY

FOR Teens Currently in 6th to 12th Grades

LELAND HIGH SNOW PLAY-Class #8389

Friday, December3, 2010 (Non-Public School Holiday)

8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.

Cost per person: $50 ($ 60 after January 22,2011)-Includes

Lunch, Admission and Transportation

With a 4,000 sq. ft. day use lodge, the Leland High Snow Play has a huge

supply of tubes to choose from, along with awesome tows(拖车) that will

tow you up to the top of the hill! Our varied terrains(地形) have something

for everyone, while the lodge provides a snack bar, video games, pool tables,

five indoor restrooms, a warm fire, and a sun deck with plenty of tables and

chairs over looking the play area outside.

ADDTTIONAL LIABILTTY FORM REQUIRED FOR THIS TRIP.

Be sure to bring warm clothing and prepare for the cold, but dress in layers in case it warms up. Wear dry boots, socks, and sunscreen. If possible, bring a mobile phone in case of emergency, as well as money for snacks and a light dinner; or bring your own food and drinks. Meet at The Underground (Veteran’s Building-2203 Central Avenue) – don’t be late!

Do not bring electronic or fragile items during the trip. The ARPD is not responsible for your personal belongings or money. REFUNDS ARE ISSUED ONLY IF THE ARPD CANCELS THIS TRIP DUE TO WEATHER CONDTTIONS.

Click here to download registration form and “Leland High Sierra Snowplay Liability Form.”

◆Register in person, or mail the completed form to Leland High Sierra Snow Play, Inc. Send the liability form and payment to the ARPD Office, 2226 Santa Clara Avenue, Alameda.

◆Faxed registration and liability form accepted with VISA, (510)747-7566.

◆Online registrations available at www.arpdeplay. com. Make sure you bring your completed liability form on the trip.

The purpose of the passage is to                .

       A．explain the details of a school activity

       B．introduce a famous tour agency

       C．urge teenagers to climb a snowy mountain

       D．advertise a trip to the Leland High Snow Play

People who want to take part in the activity need to              .

       A．pay for dinner themselves

       B．climb the hill themselves

       C．wear hats to protect themselves from the sun

       D．pay for tows individually

From the passage it can be inferred that         .

       A．the weather at the hills is changeable

       B．the activity is very dangerous

       C．12-year-old children are not allowed on the trip

       D．the trip will involve outdoor activities only

Among the following items, what do the participants have to take?

       A．Their filled -in liability forms.

       B．ID cards and a small amount of cash.

       C．Their agreements with the tour agency.

       D．Their registration forms downloaded from the Internet.

The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government's health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.

       Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.

       One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.

       In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people's health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one's family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.

       However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.

What’s the best title of the passage?

       A．Prevention or Education?        B．Prevention or Treatment?

    C．Health or Illness?               D．Exercise or Illness?

Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt’’?

    A．Unable to be cured             B．Unable to pay one’s debts

    C．Stronger than ever before        D．More successful than ever before

We learn from the passage that       .

      A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases

      B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise

      C．the more health education, the better

      D．the government’s health budget should be increased

Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP (Central Point)  P (Point)        Sp (Sub-point次要点)          C (Conclusion)

    While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants（婴儿）. societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain（保持）. First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.

One of these premodern attachment discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal（母亲的）attachment was tightly wrapping（包裹）infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking（抚摸）and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers’ and fathers’ affection for their infants.

A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding（母乳哺育）was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little milk for the city infant－who, in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent

68．Babies were unnamed until they were two so that ______.

A．an old social custom could be kept up

B．maternal attachment could be maintained

C．they could have better chances to survive

D．their parents would not be too sad if they died

69．Why were babies wrapped?

A．To protect them from the cold.

B．To distance their mothers from them.

C．To make them feel more comfortable.

D．To make it easy for their mothers to hold them.

70．Wet nurses were women who _______.

A．babysat city infants

B．fed babies of other families

C．sent their babies to the country

D．failed to look after their babies

71．Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Societal Conditions in Premodern Times

B．Practices of Reducing Matemal Attachment

C．Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate

D．Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents