语法性的倒装 A→各种疑问句的倒装 例:1)Are you against the plan? 2)What do you like best? ●注意:但如果主语是由一个疑问词表示的或修饰的.语序不变. 例:1)Who did it? (疑问词who是主语.语序不变仍为主语who+谓语did) 2)How many students in your school joined the army ? (分析:主语students由how many修饰.语序不变.) B→there be句型中的倒装 在此句型中.主语总是在谓语之后.无论是在陈述句中还是疑问句中. 例:1)There were no school or hospitals there before. 2)Is there any ink in the bottle? C→直接引语中的倒装 a. 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时.它的主语和谓语常要倒装. b. 但当主语是代词或谓语动词含有助动词时.一般不倒装. c. 另外.如果谓语比主语长.或是它后面有宾语时.一般也不倒装. 例:1)“Will you please carry it for you ? said the old man 2)“Please do me a favour , he said. 3)“He is a liar. You can’t trust him. said Tom. 4)“I am hungry .she had said. D→省略if的虚拟语气条件句中的倒装 If引导的虚拟语气.条件句中如含有助动词were, should和had时.可以使用倒装. 句型:were/should/had+主语+-- =if+主语+were/should/had-- 当if省略时.助动词were, should和had要倒装到主语前去,而if不省略时.主语和助动词用正常语序. 例:1)Were you a fish, the cat would eat you. =If you were a fish, the cat would eat you. 2)Should it rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home. =If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home. 3)Had you my troubles, you would despair. =If you had my troubles, you would despair. E→so.nor.neither用于句首时的倒装 当so.nor.neither用于句首,说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情况也适用于另外一个人或物时.句子要用倒装. 含义 用法 倒装句型 so 也 用于肯定句 So+be(have;助动词或情态动词)+主语 nor/ neither 也不.也没有 用于否定句 Neither/nor+be(have.助动词或情态动词)+主语 例:1) A: I have had my breakfast. B: So have I. 2)A: Li Ming can speak three languages. B: So can I. 3)A: Will you go home this weekend? B: After that we never saw her again. 4)After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her. F→as 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装 形容词 名词 +as+主语+系动词be,主语+动词 副词/实义动词 +as+主语+动词.主语+动词 分别叙述如下: 句型一:形容词+as+主语+系动词be 例:1)Young as he is.he knows a lot of things. =Although/though he is young, he knows a lot of things. =He is young but he knows a lot of things. 句型二:名词+as+主语+系动词be 例:1)King as he is.he is unhappy. =Although/though he is a king, he is unhappy. =He is a king, but he is unhappy. 2)Scientist as she is, she wants to learn more. =Although she is a scientist, she wants to learn more. 句型三:副词+as+主语+动词 1)Much as I like it, I won’t buy it. =Although/though I like it much, I won’t buy it. =I like it much, but I won’t buy it. 2)Fast as you run, you can’t catch up with him. 句型四:实义动词+as+主语+助动词 1)Try as she does, she will never find it. =She tries but she will never find it. 2)Search as they could, they could find no sign of the boy. ▲3.修辞性的倒装 除了语法性倒装之外.有些倒装是由于修辞的原因而采用的.叫做修辞性倒装. A→否定词放在句首时的倒装 句型:否定词+助动词/be动词+主语 ▲常见放在句首的否定词 By no means, in no case, in no way, on no consideration, under no circumstances, in no circumstances 表示决不 barely 简直没有 hardly 几乎不 scarcely 几乎不 never 从不 rarely 很少 little 几乎没有;一点也不 seldom 很少 only 只有 not 不.没有 not-until- 直到-才- nowhere 没有地方.无处 not a bit 一点也不 not only-but also- 不但-而且- 例:1)Barely does he have enough money to live on. =He barely has enough money to live on. 2) By no means is translation easy. =Translation is by no means easy. 3)Little did I think that I would lose the game. =I didn’t think at all that I would lose the game. (注:这里not at all=little 译为:一点也不) 在上面表格所列到的否定词中.有几个词是强调两个动作的紧密相接.说明如下: a. hardly-when- 一-就- 例:Hardly did he see me when he ran away. =As soon as he saw me, he ran away. b. scarcely-when- 一-就- 例:Scarcely had the baby cried when the nurse rushed to carry him. c. no sooner-than- 一-就- 例:No sooner had they reached home than it rained. =It rained as soon as they reached home. d. not only-but also- 不但-而且- 例:1)No only did I make a promise, but I also kept it. =I not only made a promise, but I kept it. 2)Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter. B→副词放在句首时的倒装 以here, then, now, thus, such, there, so, only , no longer, out, in, up, down, away等副词为首的句子中.要倒装以表示特别强调的语气.例: 1)Then came the time we had been looking for ward to. =The time we had been looking forward to came then. 2) Summer begins in June. Then come July and August. =Summer begins in June, July and August came then. 3) Out rushed the boy. 4) Here are some ideas which will help you to over come the difficulties. 5) 比较: He was very angry. He didn’t say a word. He was very angry. Not a word did he say. 6)比较: I shall never be late for school. Never again shall I be late for school. C→only+副词在句首时的倒装 Only+副词/副词短语/状语从句+助动词/be+主语 例:1)Only then did I realize I made such a big mistake. I realized I made such a big mistake only then. 2) Only in this way can you worked it out. 3) Only when one loses health does one know its value. 4) Only when he got home did he know what happened to his father. =When he got home he knew what happened to his father. D→频度副词在句首时的倒装 频度副词always, often, once出现在句首时.句子要倒装. 例:1)Often did we warn them not to do so. 2) Always will we remember the importance of the meeting. =We will always remember the importance of the meeting. 查看更多

 

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语法填空

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

  During an 1899 F4 tornado (龙卷风) in Missouri, three people, Miss Moorehouse, Mrs.Webster, and her son were caught up in the storm.They   1   (carry) nearly one mile, but were let down so gently   2   none of the three was seriously injured.Here is Moorehouse's   3   (describe)of her unbelievable flight.

  ‘‘I was conscious all the time when I was flying through the air, and   4   seemed a long time.I seemed to be lifted up,   5   (go) up to a great height.At one time I was far above the church towers, and seemed to be carried to a   6   (distance) place.As I was going through the air, I saw a horse,   7   was a white one and had a harness (马具) on, floating about with me.By the way   8   horse kicked and struggled as it was thrown about, I knew it was alive.I was afraid that it would knock into me,   9   it did not.Finally, I was mercifully landed   10   the ground unharmed, saved by luck.”

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阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

  During an 1899 F4 tornado(龙卷风)in Missouri, three people, Miss Moorehouse, Mrs.Webster, and her son were caught up in the storm.They   1  (carry)nearly one mile, but were let down so gently   2   none of the three was seriously injured.Here is Moorehouse's   3  (describe)of her unbelievable flight.

  “I was conscious all the time when I was flying through the air, and   4   seemed a long time.I seemed to be lifted up,   5  (go)up to a great height.At one time I was far above the church towers, and seemed to be carried to a   6  (distance)place.As I was going through the air, I saw a horse,   7   was a white one and had a harness(马具)on, floating about with me.By the way   8   horse kicked and struggled as it was thrown about, I knew it was alive.I was afraid that it would knock into me,   9   it did not.Finally, I was mercifully landed   10   the ground unharmed, saved by luck.”

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阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

  Many people believe that sugar is bad for their health;   1   say that sugar is the best source of energy.We also hear similar conflicting arguments about meat between vegetarians and meat-eaters.Who is right and what is your opinion? Are you easily influenced by one   2   of advice today and then by another one tomorrow?

  Obviously, you might think that   3  (go)to extremes is not the right way, for the importance of having a variety of food in one’s diet is quite clear today.Scientists have again and   4   warned us that   5   lack of certain kinds of food is dangerous,   6   for children, because   7   a balanced diet, their body can’t grow properly.Scientists have also told us, “Having too much of anything, including one’s favorite food, is equally dangerous.”

  They say, for example, children   8   eat lots of cheeseburgers and milk shakes will increase the risk of heart attack.

  Therefore, it seems that perhaps the most intelligent thing for us to do is not to eat first but to read first.  9  (science)information about the body’s needs for fats and proteins, for minerals and vitamins, can help us decide on the right choice and the right amount.And it can also help us tell facts   10   misleading opinions.

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语法填空

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

  As a child, I was always out exploring my local area, whether swimming at the beaches or hiking through the bush.Australia's outdoor lifestyle had me hooked on adventure and nature.I always wanted to explore   1   else was out there.Going on family holidays to many of the East Coast beach towns was always   2   fun adventure into the   3  (know).I came to love the beauty of world, and began to recognize just   4   much the planet had to offer, even   5   my experience of it was only in my backyard.

  Also, Australia is very remote and detached from the rest of the world.  6  (Europe)often drive into other countries for   7   summer vacations.We never had that luxury and international travel seemed all the more exotic and   8  (adventure)to me.Very often, we   9  (expose)to other countries through TV and movies,   10   I wanted to experience it for myself.

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阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。

When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible—and it can be surprisingly beneficial __16________ your physical and mental health. So far, research __17_______ (show) that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. "People who forgive show __18________ (little) anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. "So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people to feel more energetic."

  __19________ when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something __20________ gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don’t wait for an __21________ (apologize). "Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing," says Dr. Luskin. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things __22________ same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a very long time." Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean __23________ (accept) the action of the person who upset you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things __24________ the other person’s perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to __25________ from that person’s point of view.

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