8、Aristotle said it was the reward of an active life lived with sweet reason. Sigmund Freud said it

was mostly a matter of work and love. Charles Shultz, the cartoonist-philosopher, claimed it was really a warm puppy. So just what is the thing called happiness? For centuries, people were too busy pursuing it to spend much time analyzing it. Now a pioneering band of researchers has finally bagged the query—or at least found its measures. And their answer to the age-old mystery is that it all depends.

     Happiness, that is, depends on what makes you feel happy, which is why psychologists(心理学家)

often call it "subjective(主观的 ) well-being". But from studies of various age and population groups in

the United States and abroad, they have reached some objective( 客观的) conclusions on the making

of happiness. What comes up at the top of the charts is not, as many might expect, success, youth,

good looks or any of those invisible assets. The clear winner is relationships. Close ones. Followed by a

happy marriage. Next comes religious faith, of almost of any kind. "Supportive, intimate connections

with other people seem very important “, says psychologist David Myers, whose book The Pursuit of

Happiness is one of the cluster of recent publications in the field.

1. The underlined phrase "well-being" in the passage probably means__________.

A. close relationship       B. full of hope      C. personal comfort     D. success

2. The overall tone( 口吻) of this passage is__________.

A. subjective        B. objective       C. optimistic(乐观的)   D.ynical (嘲弄的)