Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.
For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would take someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.
Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!
Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange. Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause end effect, could you tell?
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
【小题1】According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?

Hi David，

I am so excited to know that you will come to China and can stay with me in Xuzhou for two weeks．I will be free in February and will have a lot of time to show you around our beautiful city．During（在…期间）your stay here，we can go to Xuzhou Museum，walk around Yunlong Lake，climb up to the top of Yunlong Hill and see beautiful Xuzhou．There is also a lot of nice food to eat in Xuzhou．I'm sure you'll have a very good time here．

I am only in China for a short time．Chinese people are very friendly，just like people at home in Canada．I can speak a little Chinese，but I can't write it．I'm trying to study and speak it．I often try to speak Chinese to my Chinese friends．Sometimes they don't understand me，because I can't speak Chinese well．

I go out this morning．I am on my way to the hospital．I want to see my friend Eric there．But I don't know how to get there．I ask a Chinese boy．The boy can't understand me．Then I take out a pen and some paper．I draw a man in bed on   it  ，give the picture to the boy and say something about it．The boy smiles and then shows me the way to the hospital．（          ）

Please e-mail me soon!

Andy

1．Who writes this e-mail?

A．David．             B．Eric．               C．A Chinese boy．     D．Andy．

2．When will Andy be free?

A．In January．         B．In February．         C．In March．              D．In April．

3．What CANNOT they do in Xuzhou?

A．Visit a museum．                            B．Celebrate Christmas．

C．Climb a hill．                                D．Eat nice food．

4．Which sentence is WRONG about Andy?

A．He comes from Canada．                      B．He can speak a little Chinese．

C．He can write Chinese．                       D．He thinks Chinese people are friendly．

5．The underlined（划线的）word “it” means_______．

A．the hospital!         B．the way               C．the paper                D．the pen

6．Who tells Andy the way to the hospital?

7．文中括号里少一个句子，请根据上下文补充完整．

Dear Addie,
Greetings from New Jersey, how is New Zealand? I’m very excited to have you as my pen pal. I guess it’s my turn to tell you about myself.
First off, I live with my parents, two sisters, and our pet dog Brighty. Our town is called Whippangong. It is only about a half-hour away from New York City. My oldest sister, Ingrid, just turned 17, that means she now has a drive’s license. She drives us to the mall. Do you have a mall near you in Te Awamutu? My other sister is 11 and her name is Lucy. I guess I would say that she is my best friend. We still fight, though. She rides horses and takes lessons every Saturday morning. I have to go with her sometimes, and that is truly the most boring thing in the world. Do you like horses?
I take tap dancing classes. I like to practice in the food store. The sound of my feet stepping on the hard floors echoes(发出回声). I play scores in the fall; I’m on the swim team during the summer. I like swim, but I am really looking forward to diving this year. Next year I will start music lessons in school. I think I am going to play the piano.
Our house has eight rooms and a small backyard where every year we try to grow vegetables. We mostly get zucchini because the rabbits eat everything else. I guess rabbits don’t like zucchini. I have a bike and mum allows me to ride up and down our street, but nowhere else. I hope that I will get to ride it to school someday. Right now I ride the crowed and yucky bus.
Well, that is enough about me for now. I look forward to hearing from you again soon. I hope your surfing lessons went well. And I hope your mum does let you learn to play the drums.
Write soon
Love,
Jessica
【小题1】 In this letter, Jessica doesn’t talk about     .

Dear Addie,

Greetings from New Jersey, how is New Zealand? I’m very excited to have you as my pen pal. I guess it’s my turn to tell you about myself.

First off, I live with my parents, two sisters, and our pet dog Brighty. Our town is called Whippangong. It is only about a half-hour away from New York City. My oldest sister, Ingrid, just turned 17, that means she now has a drive’s license. She drives us to the mall. Do you have a mall near you in Te Awamutu? My other sister is 11 and her name is Lucy. I guess I would say that she is my best friend. We still fight, though. She rides horses and takes lessons every Saturday morning. I have to go with her sometimes, and that is truly the most boring thing in the world. Do you like horses?

I take tap dancing classes. I like to practice in the food store. The sound of my feet stepping on the hard floors echoes(发出回声). I play scores in the fall; I’m on the swim team during the summer. I like swim, but I am really looking forward to diving this year. Next year I will start music lessons in school. I think I am going to play the piano.

Our house has eight rooms and a small backyard where every year we try to grow vegetables. We mostly get zucchini because the rabbits eat everything else. I guess rabbits don’t like zucchini. I have a bike and mum allows me to ride up and down our street, but nowhere else. I hope that I will get to ride it to school someday. Right now I ride the crowed and yucky bus.

Well, that is enough about me for now. I look forward to hearing from you again soon. I hope your surfing lessons went well. And I hope your mum does let you learn to play the drums.

Write soon

Love,

Jessica

1. In this letter, Jessica doesn’t talk about .

A. her family numbers B.her spare time

C. her house D.her ambition

2. what does the underlined word “fall” mean here? .

A. 跌倒 B.降落 C.秋天 D.瀑布

3.JessicA、thinks riding horses is very .

A. different B. fool

C.exciting D.frightening

4. Zucchini is likely to be a kind of .

A. animals B.vegetable

C.flower D.fruit

5. Which of the following is TURE? .

A. Jessica likes Lucy very much but they don’t always get along.

B. People below 18 can’t get driving licenses in New Jersey

C. Jessica usually goes to school by bike, but sometimes by bus.

D. Ingrid gets to take riding lessons and JessicA、wishes she could, too.

6. What might be Addie’s problem?

A. She can’t take surfing lessons.

B. She wants to play the drums.

C. There are no malls near her house.

D. She has no family.

“It’s 8:15 on a Sunday morning,” said the officer, Tidwell, “and this sort of thing seems an unlikely adventure(冒险) at such a time. Would you mind explaining?”

   The man was astonished(吃惊的) at the voice from behind. He turned about and said, “I know what you’re thinking, officer, but it isn’t true. It’s a very funny mistake.”

   “I think you’ve just left this house in a manner rather than the usual one. That may be quite all right, but I’d like to make sure.” Tidwell took out his notebook and a pen. “Name, address and occupation and then, please tell me your story.”

    “Charlie Crane, lorry(卡车) driver, from Nottingham, 51 Brecon Street. My story?”

    “Yes, What were you doing like a fly on that wall, Mr. Crane?”

    “Well, I had a breakdown yesterday and had to stay the night here. The landlady’s name is Mrs. Fern. She gave me breakfast at seven, and I was out of here in the right way and down at the lorry park by half past seven. It was only when I felt around for a cigarette that I realized I’d left $80 under the pillow(枕头) here. It’s a habit I’ve got into. I even do it almost every day.”

    “I see. Why didn’t you miss it when you meant to pay Mrs.? What’s her name?”

    “I paid her last night. You’ve got to pay when you take the room, see? So I came rushing back, but it’s Sunday, and she’d gone back to bed. I rang the bell and banged on the front door for ten minutes before I came round here. Up I went this pipe(管子) and the money was still there. You know the rest, and I hope you believe it because….”

   “Mr. Crane, whatever are you doing here? I thought you’d gone an hour ago.” It was Mrs. Fern.

1. What did Tidwell see?

A. He saw a man going to a park in a hurry 

B. He saw a man bringing a pipe out, through a window.

C. He saw a man leaving a house         

D. He saw a man trying to go up a pipe

2.When Mr. Crane was at home, he         .

A. kept his cigarettes under his pillow at night  

B. always carried his money about him at night

C. tried to give up the habit of smoking       

D. put his money under his pillow at night

3.What do you think happened in the end?

A. Mrs. Fern found the $80 in the house     

B. Tidwell took Mr. Crane to the police station

C. Mrs. Fern said sorry to Mr. Crane        

D. Mr. Crane was let go