【题目】现代文阅读（本题满分15分）
烽火台的诉说
①人类为了生存下去，就需要共同抵御洪水、野兽等灾害和天敌，这时就少不了彼此沟通和协作。在远古时期，由于没有文字，人们之间的信息交流主要是靠声音和肢体语言；在我国的殷商时期，出现了“击鼓传声”的通信方式；后来人们开始兴建烽火台，出现了用火光和烟雾传递信息的办法。
②今天，人们在游览雄伟壮观的万里长城时，依然可以看到修建在制高点上、形似碉堡的方形建筑，那就是烽火台。不过，烽火台的历史要比长城还要久远。
③一般来说，我国历史上的烽火台是在西周时期出现的。据史料记载，在周朝时，中央与各诸侯国都在边疆或通往边疆的道路上每隔一定距离就修筑一座烽火台。烽火台上堆满了柴草，哨兵一旦发现有外族入侵，便点燃柴草以烽火报警。各路诸侯见到后，就会派兵前来接应，同御外敌。
④说到这里，很多人都会想起《东周列国志》中一个很有名的故事——烽火戏诸侯。故事片说的是荒淫无度的周幽王自从得到美人褒姒之后，便整天想尽办法来博得褒姒开心一笑，可美人一直无动于 （zhōng）。有个近臣献计说，当年先王为了防备西戎入侵，在骊山之巅建有20余处烽火台，每当有贼寇侵犯时，烽火台便点火示警，火光、烟雾直冲霄汉，甚为壮观。附近诸侯见此情景，无不发兵相救。这些年为，天下太平，已多年不见烽火点燃，如果君王偕王后同游骊山，夜举烽火，这时诸侯援兵必至，至而无寇，王后必笑无疑。昏庸的幽王居然听从了这位近臣的馊主意，其下场我们也都知道了，周幽王命丧西戎刀下，褒姒也在劫难逃。西周从此走向了灭亡之路。
⑤西周的灭亡并不意味着以烽火通报军情的历史就经终结。相反，到了汉代，烽火台的建设规模更大了，使用规则也进一步完备了。用土木筑成的被称为“烽燧”的烽火台，在边陲重镇和交通要道上随处可见。今天，在新疆库车县境内，还留存着一座汉代烽燧，其雄伟的气势可使我们约略窥见当时烽火通信的盛状。那时，烽火台的使用也有了较为完备的规则。白天发现有外敌入侵时，哨兵就在烽燧上燃起柴草或狼粪，其烟直上不散，远远地就能被人看见，人们称之为“狼烟”或“烽烟”；夜间则点燃柴草，以火光报警。点燃的烽火还可以悄悄告诉你一些简单的信息：放一道烽火，表示入侵者在500人以下；放两道烽火，则表示入侵者在500人以上。
⑥在古代，烽火总是与战争联系在一起，烽火出现，便意味着战争来临。南朝吴均有诗句“羽檄起边庭，烽火乱如萤”，大意是说军情文书从边疆传来，报警的烽火像萤火虫一样乱飞；唐代大诗人杜甫的《春望》中也有“烽火连三月，家书抵万金”的名句。这些都是当时紧张气氛的生动写照。
⑦之所以在战争中使用烽火，是因为它传递信息的速度很快。汉武帝时，大将卫青和霍去病率大军出征匈奴时，就以烽火作为进军信号。据《汉书》记载，仅一天时间，烽火信号便可以从当时的河西（今甘肃省）传到辽东，途经千余里。
⑧用烽火报警的通信方式一直延续了多个朝代，直至清朝末年。随着电报、电话等现代通信方式的出现，古老的烽火通信终于销声匿迹，退出了历史舞台。（取材于陈芳烈的作品）
【1】根据拼音，在田字格中正确、规范、美观地填写汉字，并解释这个词语。（2分）
无动于zhōng
释义：
【2】结合全文，简要说说我国“烽火通信”方式从出现到消亡的过程。（3分）
【3】第⑤段和第⑦段中两个加点的词语分别体现出说明文语言的什么特点？请加以分析。（4分）
⑴悄悄告诉：
⑵据《汉书》记载：
【4】第⑥段和第⑦段的顺序能否调换？为什么？请结合其内容加以分析。（3分）
【5】作者在说明过程中或讲述故事，或引用诗句，请任选一个方面，请举例分析其作用。（3分）
【答案】
【1】衷（1分） 心里一点不受感动（一点也不动心）（说出大意即可，1分）
【2】答案示例：（大约）西周时期，烽火台出现；汉代，烽火台建设规模更大，使用规则进一步完善；清朝末年，延续使用多个朝代的烽火通信方式消失。
【3】答案示例：⑴“悄悄告诉”运用拟人的修辞手法，将“烽火台”拟人化，（1分）体现出说明文语言生动形象的特点（1分）。⑵“据《汉书》记载”说明烽火一天传递千余里的说法是有据可查的（1分），体现出说明文语言准确、严谨的特点（1分）。
【4】答案示例：不能。因为第⑥段说明烽火与战争紧密相连这一现象（1分），第⑦段解释其原因（1分），两段之间体现了从现象到本质的逻辑关系，符合人们的认知规律（1分），所以不能调换。
【5】答案示例1：文中讲述烽火戏诸侯的历史故事（1分），（运用举例子的说明方法，）具体说明烽火台在古代战争中的报警作用（1分）。这亲写使文章内容更加生动，增加文章的可读性，提高读者的阅读兴趣（1分）。答案示例2：文中引用吴均的诗句“羽檄起边庭，烽火乱如萤”（杜甫的诗句“烽火连三月，家书抵万金”）（1分），（运用引用的说明方法，）具体真实地说明在古代烽火是与战争密切相连的（1分）。这样写增加了文章的文学色彩（可读性），提高读者的阅读兴趣（1分）。
【解析】
【1】
试题分析：首先要读准拼音，注意易错的声韵母，如平舌音和翘舌音的区别，前后鼻韵母的区别。写汉字时注意不要写错别字，区别同音字形似字的偏旁部首的易错点。笔划要清楚，写成方块字，不要潦草，偏旁部首比例要合适，在格中的位置要正确。根据所学积累判断词义即可。
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