Question

【题目】 Earthquakes usually come without warning. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself.

Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.

If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls and windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.

If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves(浪) that can really harm the people nearby.

When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area.

Always remember to hope for the best but prepare for the worst.

【1】What does the underlined word “survival” mean in Chinese?

A. 坍塌B. 废墟C. 幸存D. 失踪

【2】What shouldn’t you do if you are inside when the earthquake starts?

A. To get under a table.B. To get under a bed.

C. To stay out of the kitchen.D. To stand near walls or windows.

【3】Which is the wrong way if you are outside when the earthquake happens to you?

A. To stay away from buildings and trees.

B. To get as far away from the sea water as possible.

C. To run into your house quickly to take something valuable.

D. To drive your car to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in

【4】When an earthquake happens, often comes out.

A. electronic fireB. gas fireC. forest fireD. grass fire

【5】What is the passage mainly about?

A. The ways to stay calm.

B. The ways to stay away from tall buildings.

C. The ways to move outdoors to an open area.

D. The ways to protect yourself when an earthquake happens.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】C

【4】B

【5】D

【解析】

地震是日常生活中常见的一种自然灾害，它总是突然发生，造成很多危险和伤害。如果发生地震，你该怎么做呢？如何保护自己和他人，尽量避免伤害？这篇短文中给我们提出了一些建议。

【1】词义猜测题。根据语境Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.可知，这个建议是让我们在地震中保持冷静，这样能拯救我们的生命，让我们生存下来。因此survival意为“生存，幸存”，故应选C。

【2】细节理解题。根据短文第三段If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls and windows and stay out of the kitchen.可知，如果地震发生时你在室内，要寻找比较坚固的东西来保护自己，如桌子下面或床下面，不要站在墙和窗户附近，远离厨房。由此可知应选D。

【3】细节理解题。根据短文第四段If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible.可知，A、B和D三个选项都在这一段中提到了，故C不对，地震发生时，跑进房子里拿东西这是非常危险的，房子随时会倒塌，你会被困在里面。故选C。

【4】细节理解题。根据短文第五段When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake.可知，气体火灾常伴随地震发生。由此可知应选B。

【5】主旨大意题。根据文意和短文第一段中What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself可知，这篇短文讲述的是地震发生时，应该怎样做来保护自己，文章中共提出了四个建议。因此D选项“地震发生时保护你自己的方法”最符合文意，故选D。

这是一篇科普类的说明文，短文中介绍了在发生地震时，我们应该怎样做来保护自己。文章主题明确，结构清晰，是总分结构，短文第一段点明文章主旨，从第二段到第五段是作者提出的建议，每一段的开头都有中心句；最后一段是简单的总结。短文内容贴近学生们的日常生活，比较容易理解。题型是阅读理解，题目设置有细节理解题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。做题时，应先浏览短文，了解大意和结构；然后根据题目所问，锁定文章相关信息，结合选项作答。细节理解题题型较简单，答案常可以直接在原文找到。例如第2小题，根据题干中if you are inside可迅速定位至文章第三段，根据If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls and windows and stay out of the kitchen.并且对比选项可知应选D。词义猜测题考查学生们在具体语境中猜测生词含义的能力，学生们可以根据语境进行分析、猜测；或根据构词法的知识；或根据同义词、反义词、同位语等。如第1小题，根据上下文语境Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.可知，这个建议是让我们在地震中保持冷静，这样能拯救我们的生命，让我们生存下来。因此survival意为“生存，幸存”，故应选C。