Question

【题目】Which part of the world has the most nearsighted students? Just look around you– it’s East Asia. Nine in ten school leavers in major East Asian cities are nearsighted, according to the BBC. Experts say books and video games are not to blame (责备). East Asian students, they say, aren’t getting enough sunlight.

People become nearsighted because their eyeballs grow out of shape and light entering their eyes cannot focus correctly. The body can produce a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺) to stop eyeballs from changing shape. And guess what scientists have just discovered? Sunlight can help our bodies produce more dopamine, reported AFP.

According to the study, primary school students in Singapore spend only 30 minutes outdoors every day; in Australia, by contrast (相反), kids spend about three hours a day outside. As a result, fewer children in Australia are nearsighted – only 10 percent, compared with 90 percent in Singapore.

“Children in East Asia just go to school, go home and stay inside. They study and they watch television,” Ian Morgan of the Australian National University told AFP.

But being a bookworm or a couch potato does not directly harm the eyes, added Morgan. “As long as they get outside, it doesn’t seem to matter how much study they do,” he explained. “There are some kids who study hard and get outside and play hard and they are generally fine. The ones who are at major risk are the ones who study hard and don’t get outside. As a result of massive (巨大的) educational pressures and the construction (构成) of a child’s day, the amount of time they spend outside in bright light is minimized.”

Experts suggest children should stay outside for two to three hours every day. This can include time spent in the playground and walking to and from school.

【1】What is the main reason for the large number of nearsighted students in East Asia?

A. Too much reading or gaming.

B. Being short of sunlight.

C. Genetic (基因) reasons.

D. Being short of exercise.

【2】How long do experts suggest children stay outside every week?

A. Two to three hours.

B. Fourteen to twenty-one hours.

C. Two to three days.

D. Over twenty-one hours.

【3】In the writer’s opinion, why can’t East Asian students get enough bright light?

A. Because they don’t like sports.

B. Because their parents don’t allow them to.

C. Because they have great pressures from study.

D. Because they spend more time playing video games.

【4】According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Dopamine is a chemical that causes eyeballs to grow out of shape.

B. Dopamine can stop light entering the eyes from focusing correctly.

C. Spending time in the sun can make the loss of dopamine in the body.

D. The more dopamine a person has in their body, the better eyesight he or she has.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

试题分析：短文大意：根据BBC报道在东亚的主要大城市中有十分之九的毕业生是近视眼，专家说书本和视频没有责任，他们没有获得足够的阳光。AFP报道阳光可以帮助我们的身体产生更多的多巴胺，阻止眼球变形。风险高的群体是学习刻苦又不去户外的那部分人。

【1】B细节理解题。根据第一段中Experts say books and video games are not to blame (责备). East Asian students, they say, aren’t getting enough sunlight可知专家们不怪书和视频游戏。而他们说东亚学生没有得到足够的阳光。所以选B。

【2】B细节理解题。根据最后一段中Experts suggest children should stay outside for two to three hours every day.可知家建议儿童每天应在外呆二到三个小时。也就是说一周要在外带十四到二十一小时，所以该选B。

【3】C细节理解题。根据第五段中As a result of massive (巨大的) educational pressures and the construction (构成) of a child’s day, the amount of time they spend outside in bright light is minimized.”可知作者认为东亚学生的不到充足的阳光是因为他们有来自学习的压力，所以该选C。

【4】D细节理解题。根据第二段中The body can produce a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺) to stop eyeballs from changing shape. And guess what scientists have just discovered? Sunlight can help our bodies produce more dopamine, reported AFP.的描述可知体内有更多的多巴胺，他或她就有更好的视力，所以该选D。