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【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题。

张衡字平子,南阳西鄂人也。衡少善属文,游于三辅,因入京师,观太学,遂通五经,贯六艺。虽才高于世,而无骄尚之情。常从容淡静,不好交接俗人。永元中,举孝廉不行,连辟公府不就。时天下承平日久,自王侯以下莫不逾侈。衡乃拟班固《两都》作《二京赋》,因以讽谏。精思傅会,十年乃成。大将军邓骘奇其才,累召不应。

衡善机巧,尤致思于天文阴阳历算。安帝雅闻衡善术学,公车特征拜郎中,再迁为太史令。遂乃研核阴阳,妙尽璇机之正,作浑天仪,著《灵宪》《算罔论》,言甚详明。

顺帝初,再转复为太史令。衡不慕当世,所居之官辄积年不徙。自去史职,五载复还。

阳嘉元年,复造候风地动仪。以精铜铸成,员径八尺,合盖隆起,形似酒尊,饰以篆文山龟鸟兽之形。中有都柱,傍行八道,施关发机。外有八龙,首衔铜丸,下有蟾蜍,张口承之。其牙机巧制,皆隐在尊中,覆盖周密无际。如有地动,尊则振龙,机发吐丸,而蟾蜍衔之。振声激扬,伺者因此觉知。虽一龙发机,而七首不动,寻其方面,乃知震之所在。验之以事,合契若神。自书典所记,未之有也。尝一龙机发而地不觉动,京师学者咸怪其无征。后数日驿至,果地震陇西,于是皆服其妙。自此以后,乃令史官记地动所从方起。

……

永和初,出为河间相。时国王骄奢,不遵典宪;又多豪右,共为不轨。衡下车,治威严,整法度,知奸党名姓,一时收禽,上下肃然,称为政理。视事三年,上书乞骸骨,征拜尚书。年六十二,永和四年卒。

1下列语句中加点字的解释不正确的一项是( )

A.时天下平日久 承:连续

B.所居之官积年不徙 辄:总是

C.傍行八道,施关 发:打开

D.知奸党名姓,一时收禽 阴:暗地里

2下列各组句子中,加点词语的意义和用法相同的一组是( )

A

B

C

D

3下列对文意的理解, 不正确的一项是( )

A.传记先叙其才,“少善属文”说明他具有先天的禀赋,而“游于三辅,因入京师,观太学”说明他注重社会实践。“通五经,贯六艺”是其才能的集中体现。

B.在叙其才后紧接着叙其德。“从容淡静,不好交接俗人”,具有谦虚稳重、超尘脱俗的品格,“不行”“不就”“不应”表现他不慕荣利的德行。

C.介绍地动仪虽不足二百字,但详尽记述制造时间、质地、大小、形状、内外结构、装饰、功用等,这段文字生动形象,文采斐然。

D.“阴知奸党名姓”表现其政治智慧,“上下肃然,称为政理”表现其卓然的政绩,寥寥几笔却写出了一位真实可感的廉吏形象。

4把文中画横线的语句翻译成现代汉语。

(1)永元中,举孝廉不行,连辟公府不就。

(2)验之以事,合契若神。自书典所记,未之有也。

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】C

【4】(1)永元年间,被推荐为孝廉,没有去应荐;三公官署屡次召请他去任职,他也不去应召。

(2)用实际发生的地震来检验仪器,彼此完全相符,真是灵验如神。从古籍的记载中,还看不到这样的仪器。

【解析】

【1】C项,“发”应为“拨动”。

【2】结构助词,的。A项,连词,表转折,却/连词,表承接。B项,副词,才/副词,就。D项,动词,担任/动词,做。

【3】C项,“文字生动形象,文采斐然”说法错误,应为“精简平实”。

【4】这两个语句各有特点。第(1)句是无标志被动句,第(2)句前句是介词结构后置句,后句是宾语前置句。翻译时要注意按照现代汉语的规范调整。

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