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【题目】2016年6月25日20时00分07秒,长征七号运载火箭从海南文昌航天发射中心首次发射,成功将载荷送入预定轨道,任务取得圆满成功如图所示长征七号多级火箭发射时,第一级火箭点火后,使卫星向上匀加速运动的加速度为50 m/s2,燃烧30 s后第一级脱离,第二级火箭没有马上点火,所以卫星向上做加速度为10 m/s2的匀减速运动,10 s后第二级火箭启动,卫星向上的加速度为80 m/s2,这样经过1分半钟第二级火箭脱离时,卫星的速度多大?

请你用v-t图象描述这一过程。

【答案】8 600 m/s如图所示

【解析】整个过程中卫星的运动不是匀变速直线运动,但可以分为三个匀变速直线运动处理。

第一级火箭燃烧完毕时的速度

v1=a1t1=50×30 m/s=1 500 m/s

减速上升10 s后的速度

v2=v1-a2t2=1500 m/s-10×10 m/s=1 400 m/s

第二级火箭熄火时的速度

v3=v2+a3t3=1 400 m/s+80×90 m/s=8 600 m/s。

“v-t”图象如图所示

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