【题目】材料一：
2011年1月1日8点整，中央电视台记录频道正式开播，信号覆盖全球，作为中国第一个国家级的专业纪录片频道，也是第一个从开播之始就面向全球采用双语播出的频道，它向世人亮出了拥有人文精神的中国形象。央视纪录频道在内容编排上进行了详细的规划，主要呈现四大主体内容、六大主题时段的播出特点，以期达到规模化的播出效应。央视纪录频道同时采用国际纪录片频道的通行方式，淡化栏目概念，强化大时段编排，以主题化、系列化和播出季的方式，提升自身的影响力和美誉度。
（摘编自杨玉洁等《真实聚焦：2010~2011中国纪录片频道运营与纪录片产业发展记录》）
材料二：
注：群众构成反映的是收视人群的构成，回答了“谁在看该频道”的问题，集中度是目标群众收视率与总体群众收视率的比值，表示的是目标群众相对于总体观众的收视集中程度，能够回答“谁更喜欢收看这个频道”的问题；集中度的比值大于100%，表示该类目标群众的收视倾向高于平均水平。
材料三：
在制播运营模式方面，央视纪录频道实行的是频道化运营模式。央视是纪录片的主要制作基地。制作出的精品节目数量众多。当然，频道化运营模式也有其自身的劣势，劣势在于频道可以调动的资源非常有限，其融资渠道、产品设计、人财物资源调度都会受到种种限制。央视纪录频道目前正积极推进制播分离模式，节目制作以社会招标、联合制作、购买作为主要方式，并辅以自制精品，为建立较为健全的制作管理模式做好准备。
（摘编自张同道等《2011年国家纪录片频道发展报告（下）》）
材料四：
总部位于美国首都华盛顿的国家地理频道是一个全球性的付费有线电视网。目前，国家地理频道已经以34种语言转播至全球166个国家和地区逾2亿9千万用户，作为一个纯纪录片频道能够取得如此卓越的成就，除了高质量、高观赏性的节目内容之外，与其频道自身的制播运用模式是分不开的。其制播运营模式如下：有线电视系统是在地方政府的批准下由有线电视系统运营商投资建立的，有线电视系统直接面向订户收取费用，有线电视系统运营商是指拥有并运营有线电视系统的企业实体。有线电视节目提供商为有线电视系统运营商提供节目，具体到国家地理频道而言，美国国家地理电视公司以及其他渠道承担提供片源的任务，国家地理频道承担的是节目制作等任务，即让来自国家地理电视公司等渠道的单个的片源变成有机结合的整体，适于在电视上播放；康卡斯特电信公司作为有线电视系统运营商，则承担把电视信号传送到千家万户的电视机上的技术性播出任务。 （摘编自楚慧萍《多元延伸，有机互动——美国国家地理频道运营模式初探》）
【1】下列对材料相关内容的梳理，不正确的一项是（3分）
【2】下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析，正确的两项是
A．中央电视台记录频道在内容编辑上进行了认真详细的规划，以期将来能够呈现出主题化、系列化的节目播出方式。
B．根据材料二中性别、年龄、学历这三项，我们能够了解到中央电视台纪录频道的观众构成和集中度的基本情况。
C．2011年，在71个大中城市的观众调查中，中央电视电台纪录频道观众构成最高的三类人群分别是：男性、45~54岁以及高中学历。
D．根据材料二可知，随着目标观众年龄的增加以及学历的增高，集中度的比值也在不断地攀升。
E．美国国家地理频道的制作管理模式较为健全，它在融资渠道、产品设计、人财物资源调度方面不存在受到限制的问题。
【3】根据上述材料，概括说明中央电视台纪录频道开播初期与美国国家地理频道在直播运营模式方面的不同。
【答案】
【1】D
【2】BC
【3】①中央电视台记录频道在开播初期采用的是频道化运营模式，央视是纪录片的主要制作基地；②美国国家地理频道采用的是制播分离的运营模式，节目的制作与播出相对分离。
【解析】
【1】本题综合考查文章的内容和手法。考生应重点分析选项内容与文章内容的吻合度。原文有“以及其他渠道”。本题从考查的范围来看，既涉及全篇，又侧重局部；从考查的角度来看，既有主旨错误，也有细节错误。解答此类题的方法：通读全文，关注细节。
【2】本题综合考查筛选并整合文中的信息。A项目的错误，原文为“央视纪录频道在内容编排上进行了详细的规划……以期达到规模化的播出效应。央视纪录频道同时……以主题化、系列化和播出季的方式，提升自身的影响力和美誉度”。D项归类错误，由图表可知，55岁以上人群及“大学及以上”学历关注度下降。E项肯否不当，原文是说需要“地方政府的批准”，可见也是有限制的。通读全文，关注细节。第一步：通读全文，整体感知。把握文本基本事实，分析主体对象与基本事实之间的关系。第二步：明确主旨，辨清关系。结合选项之间的关系做出准确判断。
【3】这是一道筛选信息、整合信息的题，要想答对，首先要根据题干要求，必须把答题区间找对，从中筛选出对答案有帮助的信息，然后还要会概括，要点要简洁，尽量使用文中词语。由“材料三”可知，“在制播运营模式方面，央视纪录频道实行的是频道化运营模式。……目前正积极推进制播分离模式”，由“材料四”可知“其制播运营模式如下：有线电视系统是在地方政府的批准下由有线电视系统运营商投资建立的，有线电视系统直接面向订户收取费用”。先泛读：了解文章大意、结构，圈出关键词、句；再审题：确定范围、角度、要求；然后精读：寻找相关信息，筛选关键词语；最后加工：按题目要求整合信息。
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课课通课程标准思维方法与能力训练系列答案科目：高中地理 来源： 题型：
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The Harrington School is an old one-room schoolhouse in Georgia. The building has not been used in years. Community leaders and even the local historical society thought it wasn’t worth saving. “Just look at it and you could tell it was going to fall any minute, so let’s tear it down, ” they said.
The Harrington School was built in nineteen twenty-five for black children on St. Simons Island. Amy Roberts well remembers she attended first grade there in nineteen fifty-three. That was a year before the United States Supreme Court ruled that schools had to be racially integrated. A number of states kept blacks from attending school with whites. After the ruling, the children joined white students at St. Simons' other elementary school.
The old schoolhouse continued to be used for social activities and a day care center. By 1970, however, it was empty. Amy Roberts worried that developers might tear it down. So she started the African-American Heritage Coalition to try to save it.
“If it's not saved, then eventually you would not know that we existed here on St. Simons. Everything of African-American heritage has been torn down，” she said.
In 2009 the Harrington School was weeks away from destruction. Then a local historian named Patty Deveau took a closer look. She remembered a movement called the Rosenwald Fund.Georgia historian Jeanne Cyriaque explains, “At the very core of that movement was the involvement of the community, sympathetic whites and philanthropy, merging together to do what today we'd call partnerships.”
Julius Rosenwald was a businessman. In 1915 he donated money to black communities to build their own schools. By the late 20s, the Rosenwald Fund had donated to more than 5,000 educational buildings in 15 states across the South. One-third of rural black children were attending a Rosenwald school.
“This particular school kind of embodies to me what was going on with the communities at the time, because in many African-American communities, it was African-American families that gave land for these schools to be built.” Jeanne Cyriaque said.
Now, preservation architects are developing plans to restore the Harrington School. Amy Roberts and others were surprised by what the experts found about the structure. “They went through it and they talked about how sound it was and how, you know, I mean, they'd never seen anything like this. I mean, it was, like, in great shape!”
What do you learn about the Harrington School?
It only has one room and is going to fall down.
It was built in 1925 and is poor condition now.
It has not been used since 1954.
Though it was built over 85 years ago, it is still in good condition.
【1】According to the second paragraph, we learn that _______.
the Harrington School was ruled by the United States Supreme Court
the Harrington School used to be a white school mixed with blacks
black children went to separate school before the ruling
the Harrington School was forbidden to be used for racial reasons
【2】The meaning of the underlined word “integrated” is similar to _______.
mixed
completed
seperated
destroyed
【3】Amy Roberts is anything but _______.
a black woman
an African-American
a clerk who used to work in the African-American Heritage Coalition
a woman in her sixties
【4】Which of the following titles do you think would attract the readers most?
A school with a Long History
Saving a School, and Its History
Saving the African-American Heritage
The Harrington School, an African-American Heritage
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增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(/\)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
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【题目】短文改错。
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删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
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The pillage (掠夺) and destruction of ancient shipwrecks and sunken archaeological sites by treasure hunters seeking gold and other valuables may be illegal under the terms of an international treaty under discussion by UNESCO’s 188 Member States.
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【1】Why is it important and urgent to protect our underwater heritage?
A. Underwater heritage is easily accessible to treasure hunters.
B. Underwater heritage is out of reach of archaeologists.
C. New technology makes protection of underwater heritage easier.
D. There is no law to protect underwater heritage.
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A. Shipwrecks discovered by commercial salvors.
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A. It was washed away by flood.
B. It was beneath the waves after an earthquake.
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D. It was rebuilt by Noah.
【4】Why is Mel Fisher mentioned in the fifth paragraph?
A. He risked his life in treasure hunting.
B. He was one of the most successful commercial salvors.
C. He made a great discovery of shipwrecks.
D. He had no trouble in finding a shipwreck.
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【题目】阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo(胚胎) has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues(组织) and organs that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with (干涉) nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein's monster.
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly—the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
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While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with the research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian doctor, is one of the leaders in this field of research. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in medical research. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
【1】Which of the following statements about cloning is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Cloning technology can only be applied to animals.
B. A cloned animal can live longer than a normal one.
C. People all over the world are happy about the birth of Dolly.
D. Cloning can produce valuable tissues and organs to cure human diseases.
【2】The reasons why some people disagree with cloning include the following EXCEPT that .
A. cloning may produce a real-life Frankenstein's monster
B. cloning might create more diseases in the animal world
C. cloning human embryos shows no respect for human lives
D. cloning can't help those who want to clone their dead children
【3】Who is in favor of cloning human beings?
A. Ian Wilmut.
B. Severino Antinori.
C. The author.
D. The Chinese scientists.
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