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    DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender’s face, it was revealed tonight.
    A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shape. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations(突变) that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For instance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid-face and skull. In total, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.
    Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from Pennsylvania State University, said: “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but you can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can’t go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.” The implications are far reaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or victim. Such genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer-generated “e-fits” based on witnesses’ recollections. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identity of fathers in paternity cases, or visualising our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.
    The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Library of Science Genetics: “Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful; for example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools.” The team developed a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and European ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point co-ordinates on grids placed over 3D images of the faces.
    Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of gender, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.
    小题1:The underlined word “mugshots” in the second paragraph most probably means _________.
    A．different facesB．characteristicsC．pictures of faces D．genders
    小题2:What can be inferred from the passage?
    A. DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender’s face.
    B. It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.
    C. In all, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.
    D. One gene can affect more than one part of your face.
    小题3:According to Professor Mark Shriver, we know_________.
    A．they can merely match to an individual or identify an individual
    B．there is a possibility of going from DNA to a face
    C．DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender’s face
    D．this technology is more reliable than computer-generated “e-fits”
    小题4:What is the most possible title of the passage?
    A．Creating a data bank of DNA
    B．Recognizing the DNA of criminals
    C．Predicting the location of offence using DNA
    D．Building image of offender’s face from DNA

    小题1:C
    小题2:B
    小题3:B
    小题4:D

    试题分析：文章介绍最近的一项调查发现，未来可以通过DNA绘制人的脸，这些研究可以用于尽快的寻找嫌疑人，也可以用于识别人的父亲和祖先。
    小题1:猜词题：根据文章第一段的句子：DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender’s face, it was revealed tonight.可知第二段的句中提到的mugshots就是第一段提到的“人脸的图像”，选C。
    小题2:推理题：根据文章第四段的句子：DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects.可知在DNA的帮助下抓住嫌疑犯可能更加容易，选B
    小题3:细节题：根据文章第三段的句子：Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from Pennsylvania State University, said: “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but you can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can’t go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.”可知Professor Mark Shriver认为从DNA到一张脸是有可能的,选 B
    小题4:主旨题：根据文章第一段的句子：DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender’s face, it was revealed tonight.可知这篇文章介绍的是一个研究发现：可以通过研究DNA绘制疑犯的脸，选D
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    DAVID Beckham. Cristiano  Ronaldo and Rnfacl Nadal while you watch sports and admin* the players’ skills, do you ever notice how handsome the players are?
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Schooling Matters
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
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    The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing (引证) older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is slow to learn that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays against funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
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    B．to introduce the power of positive thinking
    C．to encourage people to have positive thoughts
    D．to introduce the $11 billion self-help industry
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    A．positive thinking is not as powerful as negative thinking
    B．encouraging positive thinking may actually discourage people
    C．happy people can think positively while unhappy people can’t
    D．getting people to think positively can strengthen their confidence
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    A．You are pointing out the mistakes he has made.
    B．You are reminding him that he is not intelligent.
    C．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
    D．You are showing he has great potential in spite of faults.
    小题4:We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
    A．negative feelings must be got rid of
    B．there’s no point in thinking positively
    C．it doesn’t make sense to think negatively
    D．negative thinking is not always negative

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