: More UK universities should be profiting from ideas A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services. Recentl 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

精英家教网 > 高中英语 > 题目详情

(The Guardian)： More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
　　A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
　　Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
　　However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
　　When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
　　This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
　　The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
　　Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
　　If there was a greater coordination（协调）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
小题1:What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?

A．They have lost their leading position in many ways.

B．They still have a place among the world leaders.

C．They do not regard it as their responsibility.

D．They fail to change knowledge into money.

小题2:What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in commercialization?

A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.

B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.

C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.

D．It does not reflect the differences among universities.

小题3:We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to _____.

A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities

B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries

C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities

D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions

小题4:What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?

A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society.

B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.

C．Advertise their research to win international recognition.

D．Spread their influence among top research institutions.

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A

试题分析：本文介绍的是更多的英国大学应凭创意获利
小题1:细节题：该题问的是作者对英国大学在商业化方面的看法。由顺序原则可定位至文首。首段提出人们对英国大学在知识到产品服务转化过程方面的批评，二段整体用调查数据证明首段对英国的大学的负面观点，提出英国大学在干细胞研究领域将会失去世界领先地位。但这些都并非作者观点，同时在第三段短首出现转折，然后引入作者方面的观点。可知作者观点与首二段相反，他并不认为英国失去世界领先地位，三段末句更提出英国大学在许多商业活动方面仍领先全球。可知作者认为英国大学仍大体领先世界，总体持正面肯定态度。选B
小题2:细节题：该题问的是作者对英国大学商业化表现的国家统计数据的看法。由national data可定位至第四段转折后，But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.提到数据掩盖了单个大学之间表现的差距。Mask同义改写为does not reflect，variation同义改写为differences。选D
小题3:猜词题：该题考察“policy interventions”的意思。仅从字面意思“政府干预”还不足以选出答案，需要结合上下文。该短语所在的第四段提到这种“政府干预”促进了英国大学整体表现的提高，但之后转折指出，英国大学个体之间存在较大差异。第五段首更是将第四段强调的现象总结为“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知这种“政府干预”指的应是政府对一部分大学的偏向性支持，而对更多的大学则支持不够，造成资源分配不均。对应A选项“资源集中在少数大学中”。
小题4:该题问的是作者对研究导向型大学的建议。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。该段中部用rather转折引出作者觉得这些大学应该(should)产生最广的社会、经济与环境等各方面效益(widest range)，应该分享他们的专业技术资源，让整个领域(build greater confidence in the sector)都构筑起信心，此即为建议。对应A选项，仅有A强调了范围是all sectors of society。B提到的与缺乏资金的学校分享设施、C提到的扩大国际影响与D提到的扩大在顶级研究机构中的影响范围均太窄。
点评：文章较长，生词比较多，但是题目多是细节题，要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。

练习册系列答案

年级	高中课程	年级	初中课程
高一	高一免费课程推荐！	初一	初一免费课程推荐！
高二	高二免费课程推荐！	初二	初二免费课程推荐！
高三	高三免费课程推荐！	初三	初三免费课程推荐！
更多初中、高中辅导课程推荐,点击进入>>

相关习题

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
小题1: What surprised the scientists a few years ago?

A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.

B．Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work.

C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.

D．A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.

小题2:According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?

A．Challenging mental work.	B．Unpleasant emotions.
C．Endless tasks.	D．Physical labor.

小题3:What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?

A．He agrees with them.	B．He doubts them.
C．He argues against them.	D．He hesitates to accept them.

小题4: We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ___________.

A．have some good food.	B．enjoy their work
C．exercise regularly	D．discover fatigue toxins

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.
The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬)built into a street lamp.” he said.
The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the biberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
小题1:For what purpose did Belyacv create the lampbrella?

A．To predict a heavy rain	B．To check the weather forecast
C．To protect people from the rain	D．To remind people to take an umbrella

小题2:What do we know from Belyacv’s words in Paragraph2?

A．His creation was inspired by an experience

B．it rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg

C．Street lamps are protected by canopies

D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain

小题3:Which of the following show how the lampbrella works?

A．motor→canopy→sensors	B．Sensors→motor→canopy
C．motor→sensors→canopy	D．canopy→motor→sensors

小题4:What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?

A．Its moving speed	B．Its appearance
C．Its installation	D．Its safety

小题5:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The designer will open a company to promote his product

B．The lampbrella could be put into immediate production

C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical

D．The lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

Since the beginning of history, man has been attracted by the idea of living forever, of winning the fight against death and disease. So far, this has only remained a dream. Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way.
It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans.
However, most living beings that exist under warm conditions die when frozen. This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals(晶体), which not only are larger than the volume(体积) of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells.
In the 1940s Dr B.J. Luyet and a group of scientists in England were working on the problem of freezing cells without damaging them. Since the harm caused by ice crystals was the main cause of damage, Luyet suggested removing some or all of the water from the cells before freezing them.
Using living cells form chicken, Luyet and his assistants discovered that they could partly dry the chicken cells, using a mixture of the white part of an egg and glycerin (丙三醇). Some success was obtained. The chicken cells were dried, frozen for a period of time, and then carefully unfrozen. Almost all the cells recovered when they reached normal temperatures.
Since then, the cooling of whole animals to a temperature far below freezing point for later unfreezing has become more of a possibility, and the glycerin method would probably be used to accomplish this. When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured.
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Easy but practical ways to remove water from living cells.

B．The possibility of preserving human bodies by freezing.

C．The practice of preserving food by freezing.

D．The harmful effects of freezing.

小题2:The idea of freezing human bodies to preserve them ______________.

A．has already been realized

B．was invented in ancient China

C．has its roots in the way of storing food

D．is widely accepted by the scientific world

小题3:According to the text, freezing _________________.

A．is harmful to living cells

B．is the best way of preserving food

C．reduces the volume of water in living cells

D．is a way of removing water from living cells

小题4:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．It is impossible to have whole animals frozen.

B．It remains unknown how to unfreeze frozen animals.

C．Freezing incurable patients for later treatment is still an idea.

D．The glycerin method has already been adopted to treat patients.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica.
You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap -- a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (茎) are leaves that act like traps (陷阱). Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: "attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen (氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why?
Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soft is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize (施肥) them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly.
小题1:According to the passage, a Venus' flytrap ______.

A．is a small plant which grows in a container

B．is a kind of plant which gets hungry easily

C．can trap and feed on some form of insects

D．can only grow 6-8 inches tall

小题2:From the passage, we can infer that ______.

A．meat-eating plants are found nowhere else except Antarctica

B．all green plants get nitrogen from the soil

C．meat-eating plants endanger humans in science-fiction stories

D．the nutrient-poor soil is beneficial to meat-eating plants

小题3:Meat-eating plants grow very slowly, ______.

A．so you'd better fertilize them

B．probably because the supply of nitrogen is cut off

C．simply because they can't absorb nitrogen from the soil

D．and then they will die slowly

小题4:Which of the following is true?

A．Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants.

B．It's hard to get nutrients in the soil when acidity is high.

C．The Venus' flytrap eats flies to get nutrient from them.

D．Green plants make sugar at night.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

Air is an odorless (无气味的), invisible (看不见的) gas that surrounds the earth. It is everywhere on the planet. An “empty” drinking glass and an “empty” room, to give two examples, are not really empty. Each is filled with air. When the glass is filled with water, the water pushes the air out of the glass.
Air, as a gas, has no definite (明确的) shape, but, because it is matter, it takes up space. It is easy to prove that air is something that takes up space. Stuff a dry handkerchief into the bottom（底部） of a glass so that it will not fall out when the glass is turned upside-down. Push the upside-down glass; hold it straight into a jar of water till the glass is completely covered. When the glass is taken out of water, the handkerchief will be dry. The air inside the glass takes up space and keeps the water from coming in.
小题1:What does the underlined word “Stuff” (in Paragraph 2) mean?

A．Press tightly.	B．Take out.
C．Put down.	D．Turn fully.

小题2:The writer tells us that _______.

A．the experiment is done in the laboratory

B．the experiment is done outside the room

C．the experiment is easily done

D．the experiment is carried out indoors

小题3:Which of the following pictures gives us the correct result?
( W—water; A—air; H—handkerchief )

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

It was a cold evening and my daughter and I were walking up Broadway．I didn’t notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box．But Nora did．She wasn’t even four, but she 36 at my coat and said, “That man’s cold, Daddy, 37 we take him home?”
I don’t remember my reply．But I do remember a sudden 38 feeling inside me．I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her 39 , whether it was 40 in flight or children playing．But now she was noticing 41 and beggary．
A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who picked up a food package from a nearby school on a Sunday morning and 42 it to an elderly person．It was quick and easy．I 43 us up．Nora was 44 about it．She could understand the importance of food, so she could easily see how 45 our job was．When Sunday came, she was ready, but I had to 46 myself to leave the house to fetch the food package．On the way to the school, I fought an urge to turn 47 ．The Sunday paper and coffee were waiting for me at home．Why do this? 48 , we phoned the elderly person we’d been appointed．She 49 us right over．
The building was in a bad state．Facing us was a silver-haired woman in an old dress．She took the package and asked us to come in．Nora ran inside．I unwillingly followed． 50 inside, I saw that the apartment belonged to someone poor．Our hostess showed us some photos．Nora played and when it came time to say good-bye, we three hugged, I walked home in tears．
Professionals call such a（n） 51 a “volunteer opportunity”．They are opportunities, and I’ve come to see．Where else but as volunteers do you have the opportunity to do something 52 that’s good for others as well as for yourself? Nora and I regularly serve meals to needy people and 53 clothes for the homeless．Yet, as I’ve 54 her grow over these past four years, I still wonder ------ which of us has 55 more?

小题1:

A．pulled

B．glanced

C．pointed

D．aimed

小题2:

A．would

B．need

C．can

D．must

小题3:

A．general

B．heavy

C．funny

D．simple

小题4:

A．area

B．part

C．eyesight

D．world

小题5:

A．insects

B．animals

C．plants

D．birds

小题6:

A．coldness

B．suffering

C．illness

D．ignorance

小题7:

A．delivered

B．returned

C．devoted

D．posted

小题8:

A．held

B．hurried

C．lined

D．signed

小题9:

A．casual

B．sorry

C．astonished

D．excited

小题10:

A．valuable

B．creative

C．shocking

D．simple

小题11:

A．push

B．stop

C．allow

D．warn

小题12:

A．away

B．back

C．up

D．out

小题13:

A．Therefore

B．Obviously

C．Still

D．Also

小题14:

A．called

B．promised

C．invited

D．helped

小题15:

A．Although

B．Though

C．Because

D．Once

小题16:

A．visit

B．stay

C．adventure

D．challenge

小题17:

A．fair

B．famous

C．difficult

D．enjoyable

小题18:

A．wear

B．make

C．order

D．collect

小题19:

A．let

B．watched

C．made

D．noticed

小题20:

A．increased

B．tried

C．benefited

D．seized

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

Certain animals know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a kind of bird Plover’s nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He notes that other kinds of birds ignore the loss of a single egg, but if more than one egg has been removed, they will give up their nests. It has also been noted that a certain type of bees always provides five—never four, never six—caterpillars (毛虫) for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs have hatched out. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd (奇数) and even (偶数) numbers of food pieces.
These have led some people to think that creatures can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to questions about numbers with the correct number of barks.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survive as in the case of the eggs, or survive as in the case of food. They can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small—no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals which are trained to count one kind of objects were unable to count any other type. What interests them are the objects, not the numbers. Animals’ achievements simply are not equal to evidence of counting. They only show the results of clever, careful training.
小题1:The author refers to Gilbert’s book in paragraph 1 in order to_______.

A．support the idea that animals can count

B．show attitudes have changed since 1786

C．prove that some animals are aware of quantities

D．indicate that more research is needed in this field

小题2:The author mentions all of the following are aware of quantities in some way EXCEPT _______.

A．caterpillars	B．bees
C．mice	D．plovers

小题3:The underlined word “surreptitiously” probably means _______.

A．quickly	B．carefully
C．occasionally	D．secretly

小题4:Where does this text probably come from?

A．A news report.	B．A science fiction.
C．A park guide.	D．A biology magazine.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

It was your birthday, and you just opened your biggest gift — a smooth silver laptop. You can’t wait to instant-message your friends with the news, but first you have to get rid of your old desktop computer. Do you just throw away the monitor and keyboard in the trash? Not anymore!
Three states, that is, California, Maine, and Maryland, recently passed laws prohibiting people from throwing away electronic waste, or e-waste, includes televisions, computers, and cell phones. Although they don’t make you sick when you use them, they do when they are destroyed, for they contain heavy metals that can be harmful to human bodies. For example, cell phone batteries contain a kind of chemical causing damage to kidneys and deserted computer monitors can damage brains. And flat TV screens may cause injury to the nervous system. Those metals can leak into the ground or give off pollutants when burned.
It is required that e-waste be placed at special sites rather than usual landfills. Several other states are considering similar laws and California is also pushing for a law banning the application of such dangerous substances.
Government officials are not the only people taking aim at e-waste; environmentalists are also urging people to recycle their outdated equipment.
“It is just a waste … to not recycle,” Patrick, an associate professor of occupational and environmental health at university of Iowa, told The Daily Iowan, “Allowing dangerous chemicals to leak into the environment for decades seems irresponsible.”
What Can You Do?
Reduce. Be a responsible shopper, and take care of your electronics so they will last longer.
Re-use. Donate or sell your old high-tech equipment.
Recycle. To find a responsible recycler, contact a local or state environmental group.
小题1:What’s the best title of this passage?

A．E-waste is being made good use of.

B．E-waste, a big threat to us.

C．E-waste is dangerous to us all the while.

D．Goodbye, e-waste.

小题2:Why is e-waste harmful and dangerous to human beings?

A．Because they can go off at times and threaten us.

B．Because they can make people sick, as long as people use them.

C．Because they contain poisonous chemical substances.

D．Because they take too much space when placed in trashes.

小题3:What can we know from Patrick’s words?

A．Waste can’t be recycled.

B．Waste can be made use of by recycling

C．We have to recycle e-waste to protect the environment.

D．Protecting the environment is important.

小题4:Which of the following is NOT given as a piece of advice to help with e-wastes?

A．Taking care of your electronics so they will last longer.

B．Donating or selling your old high-tech equipment.

C．Contacting a local or state environmental group.

D．Asking fewer people to use electric products.

查看答案和解析>>

同步练习册答案

练习册

高中

初中

小学