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    Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behavior when they are watched. Do you?
    A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a
    collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
    Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.
    It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
    The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
    小题1:.
    According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?
       
    A．He does not want to be shamed by others.
    B．He needs to show he is a good person.
    C．He desires others to like him more.
    D．He feels he will receive some social reward.
    小题2:.
    ．What is the text mainly about?
    A．It describes changed behavior when observed.
    B．It details ways to control people's behavior.
    C．It tells how to make people work harder.
    D．It discusses different advertising methods.
    小题3:.
    According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
    A．People pretend to behave better when they are watched.
    B．Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.C．People donate more money when they feel they are watched.
    D．Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.
    小题4:.
    ．Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?
    A．In a newspaper.B．In a scientific journal.
    C．In an advertising magazine.D．In a science textbook.

    小题1:.D
    小题1:.A
    小题1:.C
    小题1:.B
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    A
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    小题4:.
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    B．In 2005, Danica Patrick became the first woman to win an IndyCar race.
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    B．can help kids develop social skills
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    小题2: According to the passage, grandparents will be of least benefit to a child __________ .
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    B．The depths of the sea are different in different places.
    C．The depth of a sea at one spot near Japan is nearly the height of the highest mountain.
    D．The salt in the sea mainly comes from the land.
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    B．Some fish give out light for themselves.
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    A．The necessity of the study of the sea.B．The purpose of man’s further study of the sea.
    C．Man’s limited knowledge of the sea.D．The importance of new resources for man.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language, which assesses the proficiency (熟练) of English language of a person in an academic setting. Various institutions, scholarship programs require this test as a trusted and effective indicator of a person’s ability to communicate in English.

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    -----Practice other reading passages on the TOEFL Test;
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    To take admission in World’s famous Harvard University, the minimum TOEFL score required is 587 on the paper-based test, 240 on the computer-based test, or 94-95 on the internet-based TOEFL.
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    A．includingB．formingC．combiningD．explaining
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    C．Speaking.D．Structure and Written Expression.
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    C．provide scholarship programs in many countries
    D．decide your graduation from foreign universities
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    A．Advantages of TOEFL testB．Introduction to TOEFL test
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    With alarming regularity, we read about oil tankers having accidents near land and the terrible consequences of the oil spills（泄露） on people, nature, and the environment．
    Millions of dollars have been used in developing special chemicals to help dismiss the spills and to clean up the animals, beaches, and land spoiled by the oil．Unfortunately, when many of these chemicals are used, more damage is caused to the environment, especially to lives in the sea．
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    Governments seem to accept the risk of transporting millions of tons of oil by ship every day so that we can fill up our cars and drive around and cause even more environmental damage．Interestingly, the biggest companies in the world produce cars, and the next biggest supply the gasoline to make them run!
    We should be thinking more about reducing our dependency on oil．Governments should be encouraging research into new technologies, such as cars run by solar power（太阳能）, electricity, hydrogen, and so on．Much of this research has, in the past, been held back by the oil, gas, and coal．
    If the world’s millions of cars were 10% more efficient（高效的）— and the industry could easily produce cars at least twice as efficient — we would need many fewer tankers crossing the oceans each year．If this happened, the risks of oil spills would be reduced, and the air we breathe would be cleaner and fresher, too．
    小题1:What is the passage mainly talking about?
    A．Oil tanker accidents．B．Oil spills pollution．
    C．What oil pollution is．D．How to reduce oil pollution．
    小题2:How does the author support the idea that oil spills are not as serious as people believe?
    A．By giving a description．B．By making an argument．
    C．By giving an example．D．By drawing a diagram．
    小题3:What does the underlined word “risk” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
    A．Transportation depending more on oil．
    B．Poisonous oil breaking down naturally．
    C．Millions of tons of oil spilling into the sea．
    D．More environmental damage being caused．
    小题4:Which suggestion is made for reducing oil tank accidents according to the passage?
    A．We should develop new technologies to cut oil use
    B．Tankers should not be allowed to sail near the coastlines．
    C．We should build safer oil tankers in the near future．
    D．Countries should build more oil pipelines under the sea．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    小题1:.
    According to this passage, the noise pollution______.
    A．has become the worst in the countryside
    B．has become better in big cities
    C．has spread from cities to villages
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    小题2:.
    What does background music refer to?
    A．Music played while people are working.
    B．Music played in the backyard.
    C．Noise that continues while you’re listening to other noises.
    D．Music used to help people to concentrate.
    小题3:.
    . Some people have their hearing harmed______.
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The definition of the standard kilogram is almost entirely wrong. Getting that definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.
    Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use — quantities such as speed or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties（属性）that are beyond human control.
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    Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合金筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights & Measures in Sevres, France, near Paris. Official bodies around the world have copies of the cylinder.
    Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.
    Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram according to basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic（电磁的）force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity. A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg, Md., hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units.
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    小题1: Compared with other basic units, the kilogram is ____.
    A．as accurate as other basic units
    B．not universally accepted in the world
    C．not defined according to natural properties
    D．defined in the same way as other basic units
    小题2:The author introduced the examination of copies of a platinum-iridium alloy cylinder in the 1980s to indicate that ____.
    A．the causes of weight changes had been found
    B．such kind of checks had been carried out regularly
    C．the changes in weight challenged the definition of the kilogram
    D．the consequences of such changes were great in research
    小题3: According to the passage, to define the weight of mass by means of electrical units ____.
    A．is the only way to redefine the kilogram scientifically
    B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition project
    C．is not as complicated as people understand
    D．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach
    小题4: Which of the following cannot be concluded from the passage?
    A．Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future
    B．Some scientists are trying to redefine the kilogram according to basic physical quantities.
    C．The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicated and can be affected by a number of factors.
    D．A number of experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.

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