Question

【题目】请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
The expression, “everybody's doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.

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Answer 1

【答案】feeling；influences；practical；unconsciously；individuals；moral；spirit；habits；independent；no
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，说明了我们在生活中都受到同辈压力的影响。然而同辈压力的影响有积极的，也有消极的。
（1）考查名词。根据第一段对“同辈压力”这一概念的解释可以归纳出the strong feeling强力的感觉。
（2）考查名词。根据第一段中的“It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.”注意用第三人称单数。
（3）考查形容词。根据第二段中的“There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.”可以归纳出答案。
（4）考查副词。根据第二段中讲述人生来是具有社会性动物，周围的人将无意识的影响一个人的生活。
（5）考查名词。根据第三段中的“For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction”可以归纳出答案。
（6）考查形容词。根据第三段中的“Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses”可以得出消极影响包括缺乏道德感、刑事犯罪和过度消费。
（7）考查名词。根据第四段中的“Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.”可以归纳出“团队精神”。
（8）考查名词。根据第四段中的“This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.”可以得出答案，注意用复数形式。
（9）考查形容词。根据最后一段中的“They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.”可以归纳出“孩子应当学会独立”。
（10）考查同义词。根据最后一段They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.中短语的“decline to”转换为短语“say no to”。