Question

【题目】In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity（繁荣）. Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit（追求） of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary player, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “ I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot.

Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued．Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear can we discover a new meaning in competition.

【1】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

A．It pushes society forward．

B．It builds up a sense of duty.

C．It improves personal abilities.

D．It encourages individual efforts.

【2】The underlined phrase “ the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _____.

A．those who try their best to win

B．those who are against competition most strongly

C．those who value competition most highly

D．those who rely on others most for success

【3】Which point of view may the author agree to?

A．Every effort should be paid back.

B．Competition should be encouraged.

C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】D

【解析】

试题分析：议论文，文中提到作者身边对competition（竞争）的不同观点。一种是拼尽全力赢得比赛的人，他们认为输赢是生死攸关的事情，只有获胜才能体现个人价值。另一种人极力反对竞争，他们认为人们竞争压力过大，导致人际关系不友好，而且这些人极力逃避努力奋斗，认为如果尽力去做而没有成功会导致自己不被别人承认，因此他们不做努力，以此做为失败的借口，“我没有去努力，因此失败也没什么了不起！”作者对这两种态度运用了“sadly”和“mistaken”来评论，并在结尾表示，只有这种对成功的恐惧缓解，才能体会竞争的真正含义。

【1】A 细节题：第一段第二句从Some value it highly believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity 有些人认为它是社会进步和繁荣的责任，换句话说，也就是推动社会向前发展，所以答案选A。

【2】B猜词题：从第三段的句子：In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. 在一种价值观的文化中，只有赢家和不重视普通球员，他们强烈谴责竞争，可知the most vocal是强烈反对竞争的人。所以答案选B。

【3】D 细节题：最后一段最后一句从Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 可推知害怕失败可以在竞争中消除。所以答案选D。