Question

【题目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?

Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit 【1】 when we finally give up smoking.

Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the 【2】 of infections as well as long - lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair - like tissues which keep the airways clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and 【3】 of breath.

Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the 【4】 sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to 【5】 of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.

Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous 【6】 in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and 【7】 bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.

But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost 【8】 and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates 【9】. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.

There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually 【10】. Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette - free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】G

【2】C

【3】I

【4】A

【5】E

【6】B

【7】K

【8】F

【9】J

【10】H

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了吸烟是如何影响我们的健康的。

【1】考查副词。句意：让我们看看当它们的成分进入我们身体时会发生什么，以及当我们最终戒烟时，我们是如何从身体上受益的。修饰动词benefit用副词，根据“when we finally give up smoking.”可知此处表示“在身体上”，故填G。

【2】考查名词。句意：在呼吸道和肺部，烟雾增加了感染和长期疾病的可能性。做动词increases的宾语用名词，根据“of infections as well as long - lasting diseases.”可知此处表示“可能性”，故填C。

【3】考查名词。句意：这就是吸烟导致缺氧和呼吸急促的原因之一。做动词短语lead to的宾语用名词，根据“oxygen loss”可知此处表示“呼吸急促”，shortness of breath表示“呼吸急促”，故填I。

【4】考查形容词。句意：在大约10秒钟内，血液中携带一种叫做尼古丁的兴奋剂进入大脑，产生令人愉悦的感觉，使吸烟非常上瘾。修饰名词sensations用形容词，根据“which make smoking highly addictive”可知此处表示“令人愉悦的”，故填A。

【5】考查名词。句意：这些对血管的影响会导致血管壁增厚，增加心脏病发作和中风的可能性。做动词短语lead to的宾语用名词，根据“of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.”可知此处表示“增厚”，故填E。

【6】考查名词。句意：香烟中的许多化学物质会激活人体DNA的危险变化，从而导致癌症的形成。做动词activate的宾语用名词，根据“in the body’s DNA that make cancers form”可知此处表示“变化”，故填B。

【7】考查非谓语动词。句意：吸烟会导致多种组织和器官的癌症，以及视力受损和骨骼衰弱。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处需要用非谓语动词做定语修饰名词bones，根据“damaged eyesight”可知此处表示“削弱的”，bones与weaken之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做定语，故填K。

【8】考查形容词。句意：但对于那些戒烟的人来说，这是一个巨大的、积极的方面，几乎可以立竿见影地长期受益。修饰名词physical benefits用形容词，根据空后说的戒烟一天后血压和心率开始恢复正常可知此处表示“立即的”，故填F。

【9】考查动词。句意：戒烟一天后，随着血压和心率恢复正常，心脏病发作的风险开始降低。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“heart attack risk begins to decrease”可知此处表示“恢复正常”，故填J。

【10】考查形容词。句意：但幸运的是，这种影响通常是暂时的。此处缺少形容词做表语，空前说戒烟会导致焦虑和抑郁，再根据“But fortunately”可知此处表示“暂时的”，故填H。